The outdoor ones are usually called Shopping Centers or Town Centers instead of Malls.
“The outdoor ones are usually called Shopping Centers or Town Centers instead of Malls”
Or strip malls.
.
Yes, the lack of heated or air-conditioned common area (with a convenient food court) keeps most of the troublemakers away - and the lessor, free of the staggeringly high utility bill that accompanied said common area, can spend more on site security.
The irony is that in the late '60s and early '70s, there were outdoor shopping centers that were converted into enclosed malls. Full circle.