“The .30-30 lever action (usually chambered in the 1894 Winchester) has taken more deer in North America than any other rifle.”
It’s the perfect medium game rifle out to about 150yds. And that’s where the overwhelming number of deer are taken.
Out in the West there are some environments where 3-400 yd shots are common, but it’s still somewhat rare.
Most folks can’t shoot that far even with high-quality rifles and optics. And most who say they can, can’t.
The .30-30 was primarily used in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast. The most popular deer rifle out west, and in the Southwest, was the .270 (at least it was way back when, when I lived in California).