who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State
It seems obvious that President Trump took no oath as a member of Congress, or of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State. That only leaves "as an officer of the United States." The President is NOT an officer of the United States.
Article II:
... he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law....
An officer of the United States is an appointed position. The President is elected.
So even disregarding the fact that PDJT never has been indicted for “hav[ing] engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof” let alone being convicted of the same, this paragraph is moot since it does not apply to the president, and furthermore it can be argued that the Congress of 1898 removed the last parts of this clause.