find / -mtime -1 -size +500000at a shell prompt, which should find any file modified in the last day of size 500Mb or larger. It will take several minutes, or more, depending on the size of your file system and speed of disk.
Or perhaps try downloading some other small file, and notice carefully as you do so where the Firefox download dialog says it is putting the file. Good chance your linux .iso is in that same directory.
Or use wget or curl to download the file, instead of your browser, so you have more control over, and visibility into, what is happening.