A fire storm from a gigantic falling meteor and its impact. The one 65 million years ago that hit the Yucatan Penninsula wiped out 90% of all life forms on Earth. Some smaller ones could cause local damage. Himalayan mountain range was the result of the big one from 65 million years ago. The entire Earth’s crust went liquid for about 2 seconds. And of course there is always moltan lava and gasses.
A neat thing about that one is that it left a small layer of iridium in the geological strata all over the world, which is a strong indication that it came from a meteor, iridium being rare on our planet.