I don't believe there is any sample of Neandertal hair, just their genes for hair color. DNA is a match -- 23 chromosome pairs. If you get your DNA done by 23andMe or Ancestry.com, etc, you have the option of checking (after you get your results) for archaic DNA.
There is some debate as to whether they were a distinct species of the Homo genus (Homo neanderthalensis) or a subspecies of Homo sapiens. *
From 23andme, they noted that I’ve got a .1-percent bit of Neandertal in me. Course, they also said I had a .2-percent Afghan/Pakistan DNA element as well....which really stretches the imagination a bit to figure how that got into the mix.
Interesting. I’ve had a DNA analysis from ancestry.com, but I haven’t seen any option to have archaic DNA content analyzed.