I’ve never tried it, but I would bet that a Windows 10 computer would boot up on a MS-DOS boot disk..................
Depends on the version... good luck finding a 360K DS/DD 5 1/4” floppy to USB adapter if you are using DOS 2.1 or so. More good luck reading the floppy after boot. I imagine DOS 6.21 or greater would boot, but you’d likely have no peripherals available unless you have a real serial port or two.
The UEFI would prolly just laugh and laugh.