And from this, without testing samples, we know for a fact there are complex organics.
Is that right?
I don’t know how they determined the carbon molecules in the water in the Saturn moon geysers, but I guess it was done by absorption spectroscopy of some sort. The spectrum of light that has passed through a gaseous or liquid media will be somewhat blocked (absorbed) at specific frequencies by different molecules present in the media.
Supposedly. But I’m not a NASA scientist. I don’t even play one on TV.