Appears to be a bit more ‘complex’ than a Base-8 number system.
Also discovered in 1843, I tend to suspect the terminology predates the current use of Octal.
Its way more involved than base 8.
Such things are really just nomenclature. You can do the same math with base whatever.
Imagine a number line, then a 2D Cartesian coordinate system, then a 4D coordinate system, then an 8D.
Thats a beginning.
This stuff makes my head hurt.
The model sketch reminds me of a Moravian star.