No. I can suggest an analogy to what I think, very vaguely, is going on.In an analog “computer,” a circuit is constructed to have the mathematical properties of the problem of interest. Such a circuit has very high-(negative) gain amplifiers in it, and the circuit uses negative feedback to force the amplifiers into the states required. No actual numerical calculation is involved.Apparently the quantum computer concept is vaguely similar, but capable of very complicated discrete states, such that in principle it can converge on the solution to things like the two very large prime numbers which are the only factors of their product. Since the difficulty of that problem underpins som crucial encryption algorithms, any “computer” concept - however exotic - which could solve that problem quickly (rather than in, say, a million years) readily attracts the attention of security people.
See Post 27.