I vaguely remember the judged events which historians mark the end of the ‘Middle Ages’ being :
Columbus Sailing for the New World - (to China - he hoped, except there was this continent in the way) 1492
The Fall of Constantinople 1453
Somewhere else I recall a figurative ‘Last Battle Of the Middle Ages’ where the Mamelukes in Egypt tried to fight the French(early Napoleon times)
Despite the libtard mentality deciding history being actions of ‘evil white men’, in reality the Aztecs and Incas themselves (rapidly conquered in virtually no time at all historically) their established empires were only about 100 and 200 years old respectably.
Conquerors being conquered
All true the usual means (which people here have mentioned) done when EVERYONE has conquering others throughout history ...
(Gauls and Germans and Brits PARTICULARLY did not like Roman Lawyers)