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In France, early treatment with HCQ has not been widely used, but one exception is in Marseille. Table 2 shows the death statistics until the end of May for these two locations for 2020 and compared with the previous two years. Paris shows a large increase, while Marseille does not [Covid19Crusher (B)].

				Change from previous years
	2018	2019	2020	2020/2018	2020/2019
Paris	6,055	5,927	7,972	+32%	+35%
Marseille	1,321	1,509	1,304	-1%	-14%

Table 2.

Deaths as of the end of May each year for Marseille (using early treatment with HCQ) vs. Paris (generally not using early treatment with HCQ) [Covid19Crusher (B)].

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Appendix 12. Country HCQ Status

Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Brunei Darussalam, Cayman Islands, Curacao, Curaçao, Dominica, French Polynesia, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Iceland, Isle of Man, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, Montserrat, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), Turks and Caicos Islands, United States Virgin Islands

These countries were excluded because their population is <1M.

Afghanistan, Angola, Bahrain, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iraq, Kenya, Kuwait, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, State of Palestine, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

These countries were excluded because <0.5% of the population is >80.

Mongolia, Laos, Japan, Philippines, Macau, Hong Kong, Sierra Leone, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Vietnam, Malaysia, Bhutan, Venezuela, Taiwan, Slovakia, St. Kitts and Nevis, South Korea, Indonesia, Brunei, Grenada, Mozambique, Uzbekistan, Thailand, Malawi, São Tomé and Príncipe, Czechia, Dominica, Bangladesh, Zambia, Chad, Benin, Sudan, El Salvador, Antigua and Barbuda, Myanmar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Côte d'Ivoire, South Sudan, Kenya

These countries were excluded because they quickly adopted widespread mask use.

Australia, New Zealand, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Solomon Islands, Vanuata, Samoa, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Tonga, Marshall Islands, Palua, Tuvalu, Nauru

These countries were excluded because they have no or very little spread to date. They may be included in the future if they experience significant spread.

Algeria - widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak

Adopted HCQ in early April and continued to use after WHO warning.

The Africa Report, https://www.theafricareport.c..ne-from-dakar-to-brazzaville/, Coronavirus: Didier Raoult the African and chloroquine, from Dakar to Brazzaville, 4/15.

Afrik.com, https://www.afrik.com/edouard..ychloroquine-et-le-remdesivir, Edouard Philippe emporté par le Covid, Didier Raoult, l’hydroxychloroquine et le… remdésivir, Follows the Raoult protocol, 7/6.

Gummi Bear, https://twitter.com/gummibear737/status/1256676533638479872, Adopted early April, 5/2.

Barron's, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, continue to promote, 6/1.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1258469706442444804, Algeria's Health Minister praises HCQ used since the end of March, 5/7.

Franceinfo, https://www.francetvinfo.fr/m..droxychloroquine_3983239.html, Ces pays africains qui ont décidé de continuer à soigner le Covid-19 avec l'hydroxychloroquine, continue to use after WHO warning, positive results, 5/28.

Bahrain - widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1260588201179144193, Adopted as standard treatment very early, 5/13.

Al Arabia, https://english.alarabiya.net..oroquine-to-treat-coronavirus, Bahrain among first countries to use Hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus, Used since the first case, 3/26.

GulfInsider, https://www.gulf-insider.com/..-medication-proved-effective/, Coronavirus: Bahrain’s Therapeutic Medication Proved Effective, Effectiveness of HCQ confirmed, 5/25.

Barron's, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, use not suspended post WHO/Lancet, 6/1.

Marie94167358, https://twitter.com/Marie94167358/status/1260661671816835082, Fully on HCQ, 5/13.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1256675338853072896, Used early, 5/2.

Belarus - mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

There was early HCQ use but it was suspended outside of hospitals on WHO recommendation 6/2.

Jared Young, https://twitter.com/jtyoung18/status/1258279092010586113, In inpatient and outpatient protocols, 5/6.

BelTA, https://eng.belta.by/society/..vid-19-treatment-130102-2020/, Belarus to receive potential effective drug for COVID-19 treatment, 4/29.

BelTA, https://eng.belta.by/society/..ide-of-hospitals-130777-2020/, Belarus suspends use of chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of hospitals, 6/2.

Brazil - early HCQ treatment was adopted relatively late

Late and very mixed use, increasing over time.

Filipe Rafaeli, https://medium.com/@filiperaf..nt-human-history-2685487ad717, Hydroxychloroquine: the narrative that it doesn’t work is the biggest hoax in recent human history, almost unanimity of Brazilian scientists are against the application of these drugs and repeat that “there is no scientific evidence” of the functioning, 7/23.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1273878906785972224, Clinical outcomes improve after adoption of HCQ starts, 6/19.

CNN, https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/..-para-casos-leves-de-covid-19, Government changes protocol and authorizes hydroxychloroquine for mild cases of Covid-19, 5/20.

Último Segundo, https://ultimosegundo.ig.com...tao-zerados-diz-pazuello.html, Estoques de hidroxicloroquina no país estão zerados, diz Pazuello, government has run out of HCQ. Distribution data indicates only a small portion of cases receive HCQ, 8/13.

The Verge, https://www.theverge.com/2020..navirus-jair-bolsonaro-maduro, Twitter removes tweets by Brazil, Venezuela presidents for violating COVID-19 content rules, 3/30.

Agência Brasil, https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com..dicoes-para-uso-da-cloroquina, CFM estabelece critérios e condições para uso da cloroquina, there is no "solid evidence" to confirm the effect of CQ and HCQ, 4/23.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1279445536685383680, One by one municipalities are adopting HCQ, 7/4.

Diário de Uberlândia, https://diariodeuberlandia.co..tada-a-pacientes-com-covid-19, Farmacêuticos não podem negar venda de cloroquina receitada a pacientes com Covid-19, high degree of controversy in Brazil, 7/3.

Burkina Faso - widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Franceinfo, https://www.francetvinfo.fr/m..droxychloroquine_3983239.html, Ces pays africains qui ont décidé de continuer à soigner le Covid-19 avec l'hydroxychloroquine, continue to use after WHO warning, positive results, 5/28.

LifeSiteNews, https://www.lifesitenews.com/..loss-of-life-from-covid-virus, Doctors insist this cheap, safe drug is “key to preventing huge loss of life” from Wuhan virus, widely used, 6/5.

The Africa Report, https://www.theafricareport.c..ne-from-dakar-to-brazzaville/, Coronavirus: Didier Raoult the African and chloroquine, from Dakar to Brazzaville, 4/15.

Cameroon - widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..atus/1257626384782053377?s=20, , 5/5.

France 24, https://www.france24.com/fr/2..%A9e-en-protocole-d-%C3%A9tat, Covid-19 : au Cameroun, la méthode Raoult érigée en protocole d'État, adopted the Raoult protocol, 5/2.

Canada - limited early treatment with HCQ

Physicians not allowed to use. New Brunswick used briefly until stopped by Health Canada.

Maclean’s, https://www.macleans.ca/socie..e-rise-of-hydroxychloroquine/, The incalculable rise of hydroxychloroquine, Health Canada has not permitted physicians to administer HCQ for COVID, 5/21.

CBC, https://www.cbc.ca/news/healt..-experimental-drugs-1.5511244, Doctors face sanctions for prescribing unproven COVID-19 drugs to friends and family, regulators warn, except when there is a clinical trial, the statement instructs both doctors and pharmacists not to provide the drugs as a treatment for COVID-19, 3/27.

Acadie Nouvelle, https://www.acadienouvelle.co..e-la-covid-19-deploye-au-n-b/, EXCLUSIF: un traitement expérimental contre la COVID-19 déployé au N.-B., New Brunswick adopts HCQ, 4/2.

Acadie Nouvelle, https://www.acadienouvelle.co..-experimental-de-la-covid-19/, Le Nouveau-Brunswick fait marche arrière sur le traitement expérimental de la COVID-19, Health Canada ended New Brunswick's use of HCQ on 4/17, 5/10.

CBC, https://www.cbc.ca/news/canad..ur-gill-tweets-cpso-1.5680122, Ontario doctor subject of complaints after COVID-19 tweets, HCQ has been shown to be ineffective. Medical bodies such as the Canadian Pediatric Society say HCQ has no significant benefit in fighting COVID-19. Health Canada has not authorized HCQ to treat or cure COVID-19. It says HCQ can have serious side effects, 8/10.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1256869896014704640, New Brunswick broke ranks with Canada adopting HCQ, 5/3.

ChloroquineGorilla, https://twitter.com/Prolongin..id/status/1277927519203635205, Quebec has some of the harshest anti-HCQ rules in the world, 6/30.