Historically, Portugal used to be a very powerful country.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, they were important in exploring and mapping a great deal of The New World.
They used to be the richest country on the globe.
Now look at them.
They were also a major player in shipping slaves from Africa.
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake really did a number on them.
Yeah. What a fascinating historical shift.
And then there was the battle of _Alcácer_Quibir, or Three Kings, in Portuguese Morocco in 1578 which resulted in the loss in battle of almost all the important Portuguese nobility including King Christian, leading to Phillip II of Spain becoming a dual king.