This is the output from the newfangled version of the doodad. It still relies on the transcript generated by YouTube, but drops the time index (which is handy, I think) and puts in line breaks. You'll notice there's no punctuation? That's missing in the original as well.
[Music] foreign [Music] part of our rundown on the history of Cyprus it was
perhaps in the third month of writing this script that I realized we might
have over faced ourselves with this one getting from the pre-pottery Neolithic
to the Romans in the last episode was just about manageable because our knowledge
of the ancient world is always going to be a bit fragmentary but having already
promised to do this in previous videos we are now attempting to cover the time
period that could easily be four or five videos into just the one it means
that we're gonna have to be a lot more brief than I usually like to be and
we're mainly doing this through the lens of what there is still to see of the
last 1500 years of History the many historical sites you can visit in Cyprus
that give us a window into the cultures that build them so beginning where
we left off last time [Music] we have a bad habit particularly in England of
treating the 400s A.D as a world-ending apocalypse the Romans are leaving England
Rome itself is quote falling and while it's true there was considerable unrest
in Western Europe during this time it ignores the fact that that wasn't the
story everywhere and in the eastern half of Mediterranean it was not without
drama sure but particularly for Cyprus not much more drama than the century
following or the century previous locally it appears that life carried on for
the most part as normal for Roman sites such as Korean Pathos and salamis we
don't have a huge wealth of information from this time in specific and I'm
not about to embark on a huge expose on the Eastern Roman Empire in general
that I am storing up for a huge Byzantine series that will come out in the
far-flung future I don't know maybe if you're watching this back in a few years
a little thingy will ding in the top right corner the biggest change you can
see in the landscape is the church is being built this huge Basilica at kurian
it's a little hard to make out from the ground as it rarely survives at more
than about waist height but you soon realize this was a significant structure
getting on for 75 meters long and about that wide if you include the atrium
and other structures are butting the main structure built in the 400s and expanded
in the 500s and there's still various elements you can see on the ground including
the baptistry and probably the most recognizable structure on the site the
surviving arches of the diaconicon in pathos there's a similarly impressive
Basilica now this one is a bit harder to pass because this size is actually
Four churches from different eras the ones we're currently concerned with have
these later churches built on top of them also the site was not actually open
when I got there so I had to just do my best taking shots around the perimeter
but you can see the vast mosaics that covered the floor and you can see from
the schematic here that following the expansion the 500s the original church
almost tripled in size these were huge building projects for the time and would
have obviously involved considerable effort and expense to construct and decorate
some more Byzantine Church architecture from this era the monastery of Saint
Barnabas has an incredibly early Foundation date potentially as early as 477
A.D with expansions in in the mid-500s under Justinian however at some point
in the Middle Ages the monastery had been abandoned and become ruinous and
in the mid 1700s some considerable restoration and reconstruction was done
so while the original structure may have looked somewhat like the current I
can't make any promises there just outside lanaka in the small village of kitty
now this is quite something the Church of the Virgin Mary which has mosaics
dating back to the 500s which by the way is pretty unusual we don't have many
Mosaic survival from this era especially not ecclesiastical ones you can thank
the iconoclasts for that but there's a Twist the church structure you can see
here dates from the 10 to 1100s this apps was actually incorporated into the
newer structure because the first church to house this house with its mosaics
was destroyed but okay you can't help but notice an ominous pattern of these
once Grand structures being destroyed and we can't really keep the next bit
of the story from you any longer the island experienced raids from Arabic Army
in about six four nine both Korean and salamis had never fully recovered since
the earthquakes of the late 300s A.D both have been rebuilt on a smaller scale
with some sections left in Ruins while the Arab raids led to these sites being
abandoned entirely this is actually where the story gets even more remarkable
you see this pattern happened to many other islands in the Mediterranean for
the next several hundred years Malta Crete Sicily were all vulnerable to the
rising Islamic powers on the Arabian and North African coasts but what makes
Cyprus so unique in 688 Justinian II managed to negotiate an agreement with
the caliph Abdel Malik that Cyprus would be jointly ruled as a minion now in
the history of the various conflicts between the byzantines and Islamic armies
This is highly unusual neither side was in a sharing mood when it came to conquests
and looking at the wider picture it may be because after a failed Siege of
Constantinople by murwir the first which caused him to expand huge amounts
of resources in men and ships the Amaya dissolved into the second Muslim Civil
War seeing huge upheaval across the caliphate so being able to free up men
and resources from Cyprus would have been a much needed boost in the short
term but what is more surprising is that this agreement on Cyprus actually
held there's scarcely a pause in the fight in between the umayyad followed
by the Abbasid against the byzantines in theaters all over from Armenia to
Carthage but somehow the agreement to jointly rule the island remained as with
many of the early Islamic conquests in the Mediterranean there is little to
nothing to show you architecturally from this period all Islamic architecture
I could show you from Cyprus is later ottoman stuff later attempts by the byzantines
to take the island back from around the 800s under basil the first were ultimately
unsuccessful but in 965 it was reconquered and made into a theme for the uninitiated
that's a form of Byzantine Regional Administration now amongst other things
the centuries of comparative isolation Cyprus had experience from the rest
of the Empire contributed towards the unique cypriot Greek dialect again not
as much as we'd like to show you from this era though its architecture was
shaped over so many different periods the church of Saint Lazarus was founded
between the eight to nine hundreds and between the 12 1500s this Gothic Portico
was added the bell tower is particularly striking but sadly not particularly
ancient the original Bell Tower was destroyed by the Ottomans early in their
years of control on the islands so this is a rebuild from around 1857. among
the ruins of Roman pathos the former Roman Fort was bolstered by additional
fortifications nowadays not looking too healthy themselves known as The Fortress
of the 40 columns most of what you're seeing are later editions in a part of
the story we've not quite reached yet in fact virtually every fortification
the byzantines built or utilized would be augmented by later Empires to the
point of being unrecognizable case in point will Circle back to kyrenia Castle
when we talk about the venetians but you can see that these massive walls are
very clearly designed with cannonballs in mind and centuries later however
buried within all of this is the church of Saint George now before the Venetian
fortifications absorbed it this church would have been outside the Byzantine
later Frankish fortification it's from around the 1100s and it's pretty magical
you reach it through a tunnel in the castle walls and you find yourself in
a chamber with Corinthian columns and a high Dome ceiling it's a wonder this
wasn't just demolished and it must have been quite special for the largely
Catholic venetians to incorporate it within their expanded Castle structure
we already mentioned the church at kitty that was rebuilt into the current
form in the 10 to 1100s the Church of is f staphyus at colossi is one from
the 1100s it's overlooked by the Frankish castle and we're getting there don't
worry but this is a survive from before that time though it received some modifications
in the 1400s there were rebellions in 1042 and 1092 by local Governors on the
island but significant change was not until 1191 and it all happened rather
suddenly Richard the first of England well normally really landed on the island
and came to blows with the governor Isaac con menos it was a rather colorful
episode on route to the Third Crusade Richard was looking for his sister and
fiancee I should point out two different women thankfully otherwise you after
a storm had separated the fleet and wrecked some ships on Cyprus Isaac took
both the women captive which is perhaps not a great move considering their
brother and future husband had a large expeditionary force that had already
taken a chunk of Sicily on their way to Palestine thanks to a spout with tonkred
so Richard took the aisle which wasn't an original objective of the Crusades
so it left him in a bit of a funny position he obviously wasn't going to just
stay and Rule personally I mean he'd barely spent much time on another obscure
medieval Island that he'd inherited as part of his Holdings called England
and much like England the idea was Richard would use Cyprus to supply his crusading
exhibition with taxes but there were on the island pretty quickly so essentially
the first opportunity he sold the island to the ninth Templar however they
weren't able to quell the Revolt either so the Templars resold the island to
ghee of Lucio all of this was the beginning of a very different chapter for
Cyprus one where it will be ruled by Western European powers can't say this
was a great thing for the local cypriot population ghee turned Cyprus into
a feudal society inviting Barons from Palestine who'd lost land to Saladin
to control large Estates and use the local population as serfs but while the
remaining Crusader Kingdoms in the Levant would soon dissolve and Frankish
power in Byzantine Holdings in Greece would rise and fall in the wake of The
Fourth Crusade Cyprus would remain as a unique Fusion of Byzantine and Frankish
cultures you can see it in the church architecture from this time gothic arches
alongside Byzantine abscess now the island of Cyprus was significant but not
exactly thriving there's a succession of Kings with less than flattering epithets
several being labeled the fat and in one example the pope describing John II
as a vile evil sloth and not unlike many other greek-speaking Islands in this
era Cyprus became somewhat beholden to the conflict between the venetians and
genoes is a topic far too huge to properly disentangle here and while the Lucio
house would remain on the throne of Cyprus they really weren't holding all
the cards now it's become clear that I've got way too many sites to fit in
what is still supposed to be a summary video we may have to Circle back one
day and do a separate video on Cyprus in this period but a quick look at some
of the castles on the island the Byzantine fortifications at kyrenia were expanded
by the Lucio in 1208 to 1211 you can still see some Gothic and earlier architecture
in the courtyard but we're still not ready to look at kyrenia as it really
only took its current shape when the venetians get here if you visit Cyprus
you can see a selection of comparatively diminutive castles that were built
around this time to maintain local control Limassol I'm afraid we didn't actually
make it too personally so here's a pic the location of lanika had been significant
on Cyprus all the way back to the Bronze Age with the port of kitty and you
can see that in the previous episode but it was during the kingdom of Cyprus
that its fortifications got a significant upgrade to approximately what you
see now if you ignore the minaret for a moment this was sometime between 1382
to 1398 over pathos the Byzantine fortifications at the harbor had suffered
significant damage in an earthquake in 1222 and it was remodeled under the
Lucio as well as some other structures which haven't survived what you're seeing
here is the Western Tower which was built in the 1200s but just bear in mind
there's Venetian and then ottoman additions to the structure as well finally
for now colossi Castle now unlike the others this hasn't been encroached on
by a major city in a form that more closely resembles like a stocky Norman
keep its original construction dates to the 1210s although it had a major reconstruction
in 1454 by the hospitals Cyprus has two particularly spectacular Gothic Cathedrals
though as it happens these are both on the Northern side of the line these
days so if you're squinting at the minarets yeah no shock those weren't part
of the original plan in Nicosia you have what was formerly the Saint Sophia
Cathedral now known as the saleemia Kami had to film this through gritted teeth
not because I have a B in my Bonnet about its later conversion to a mosque
but oh nothing makes a shot ugly quite like scaffolding and look I know historic
buildings need care and attention from time to time but gosh darn it if you
couldn't just say that till about five minutes after I've got decent coverage
that'd be great thanks we think the foundation stone of this structure was
laid around 1209 but the construction process was a long one and while it was
partly done by the end of the 1200s a couple of major earthquakes didn't help
and Pope Clement IV issued a papal bull in 1347 which nope still didn't get
it finished and yes this is the cathedral in famagusta now known as the Lala
Mustafa Pasha mosque built between 1298 to about 1312. now since the kingdom
of Cyprus covers nearly 300 years of which a lot of architecture survives if
we can just take a vertical slice of what was going on on the island by taking
a look around some of the many ruins of famagusta because the sheer variety
of churches is quite telling you have both Catholic and Orthodox Churches being
built such as the two churches of George referred to as of the Latins and of
the Greeks respectively to differentiate them while the ruins of Saint George
of the Latins built around the end of the 1200s are particularly striking so
George of the Greeks dating to around 1300 despite its ruinous state is quite
something not least because of the height at which it survives the surviving
Dome of the apps particularly stands out we'll get to why there's a load of
Cannonball damage and a noticeable lack of a roof later there's the ruined
shell of a Franciscan Monastery just down the road the twin churches we're
not 100 but we think they belong to the Templar and Hospitality orders and
a little further still The Armenian Church a little further still The Armenian
Church a little small and rather overshadowed by the Carmelite church next
door there's also the nestorian church and if you know what that means then
congratulations to either a Seminary Student or a black belt in church crawling
and the Maronite Church people seem to agree that the church of Saint Anne
looks like an owl and what could I possibly add to that and also just a ton
more both in Byzantine and Gothic architectural conventions it's not to say
that Cyprus was some sort of paradise of religious toleration necessarily but
with a mixture of people groups from all around the Eastern Mediterranean bolstered
by a population from the Levant as the Crusader States contracted and fell
there's clearly a Melting Pot of many Christian Traditions converging on the
island now when we get to the second half of the 1400s you end up in a weird
political situation on Cyprus as we get to the penultimate King as James II
of Cyprus he had married a Venetian Catherine of coronaro which probably one
of the most strategic marriages he could have hoped for with himself having
usurp the throne but Catherine was 14 at the time of their Union and didn't
travel to Cyprus until four years later in 1472 and it must be an absolute
and complete coincidence that James II died a few months later after her arrival
there is no chance at all Venice put out a hit on him wink the timing is not
even remotely suspicious nor is it slightly suspicious their child who would
have been James III also died before his first birthday nothing at all to see
here so Catherine remained as the queen of Cyprus till 1489 during which time
Venice had effective control over the island but eventually with both the Ottomans
and neapolitans eyeing a takeover Venice decided to take a more Hands-On approach
and gave Catherine a huge going away party to basically sell the island to
The Republic she was definitely not into it but also essentially had no choice
so all of a sudden the Republic of Venice had control of a colony a long way
from the Rialto and they seemed acutely aware of just how vulnerable their
hold on the island was Cyprus was easily the furthest flung of all of their
Holdings and at a time when the Ottomans had swept through the Balkans and
much of the Eastern Mediterranean with a staggering confidence following the
fall of Constantinople you can see from the extent of the Venetian fortifications
on the island just how precarious their hold was and yes the island was subject
to many ottoman raids during this time please don't hate but either this episode
clocks in at about an hour and takes six months to make or we Outsource the
details to some more specific videos and wouldn't you know we are right on
the cusp of releasing a bunch of episodes on the Venetian Republic so brief
tour and then we'll keep this moving we've kept teasing kyrenia and both the
Waterfront and the current form of the castle is largely a product of the venetians
the frankly absurd big walls could only be constructed for the age of gunpowder
it's a beautiful structure in brief the huge round Towers in the Northwest
and Southeast are the ends of the Venetian upgrade which were most substantively
on the landward side with this big Square Bastion in the middle the harbor
layout too it definitely put me in mind of harnia on Crete you can see the
chain Tower here from which a chain was stretched across the harbor for defense
attached at the other end to this there's other Venetian details too like this
Warehouse however the venetians were perhaps understandably a bit selective
about where they built vast defensive walls and quite a few coastal towns at
the time like lanika Limassol and pathos were defended with little more than
the small thoughts that the Lucio had built however the venetians did build
a network of towers to signal in case of an attack such as this rather lovely
Survivor to the west of lanika in the center of the island and with its most
important Cathedral Nicosia had walls that are simultaneously impressive but
not quite impressive enough no good in theory not so much in execution I mean
they're not very high and spoiler alert spoilers from history Nicosia threw
an absolute Mast class of bad leadership fell within about 40 days of being
besieged by the Ottomans stand out on the island and the site the Venetian
Garrison would make their final stands during the Ottoman assault famagusta
is an unbelievably well preserved set of Venetian fortifications almost certainly
the most complete Venetian fortification system anywhere and goodness knows
we've seen a few unsettled series teaser Ahoy other than the huge walls and
bastions the fact they haven't turned the ditch into parking spaces and Tennis
Courts which is what happens absolutely everywhere else it's a minor miracle
we will explore them properly soon I promise but after holding on against the
Autumn attack for 11 months famagusta Fell in 1571. This is where the ottoman
period on the island begins and not to be glib but characterizing this time
period is difficult I mean sure no area with a predominantly Christian tradition
is likely to enjoy Islamic rule though I can hear Bosnia loudly clearing its
throat and vice versa now you ask 10 different people they'll give you 10 different
answers I mean for starters the ottomans are building infrastructure this Aqueduct
outside lanika is pretty impressive in scale and there are several pieces of
it a couple of kilometers away it's a major project similarly while it's just
a surviving fragment of the cilitar aqueduct in Nicosia that was another major
undertaking that brought water from the mountains in pathos you can see the
remains of two sets of baths a short distance from each other the first one
is just on the perimeter of the Chrysler Pulitzer Basilica site and it's a
little bit worse for wear it may have originally been built during the Frankish
rule but then the Ottomans restored the domes then just a minute stroll away
these ottoman baths are quite an impressive height although with some ruined
sections and not entirely dissimilate though slightly overshadowed by the gorgeously
melancholic ruined churches in the town you can see the ottoman Bart in paragusta
as well these are the kapha passionats built in around 1601. we have quite
a number of mosques and minarets surviving now we spent an entire episode looking
at how ottoman architecture in Greece is lucky to have made it into the 21st
century as a lot has been demolished or left to crumble but on Cyprus there's
still a fair amount of Islamic architecture still visible and not just in the
north there's the Yami Kabir mosque in lanika which was formerly a church that
was built in the 1500s not far away there's also the zuhari mosque this was
undergoing renovation when we were there uncertain Foundation date but we know
it was definitely there in the 1600s I actually deserve a slap on the wrist
for this one because by the lake is the which we ended up missing if you could
just cut some slack for a moment we had only three days in the South to try
and cover everything whatever you say about us if you watch the videos on our
Channel you definitely can't accuse us of not staying busy Paco itineraries
as tight as they will go this one we just never quite got to so all I've got
is this shaky footage from the car sorry everyone around Nicosia even on the
southern side of the line are several mosques slash finnerets visible and almost
Square in the middle the boyak Han is this beautiful covered Marketplace that
the Ottomans constructed in 1572 shortly after their Conquest it actually started
as a caravan Sarai or a type of covered Inn which is more common in the Middle
East and as well as rooms around the outside it had this mosque in the middle
as already mentioned across the line the north there's the two former Cathedrals
and in both cases the gothic fabric of the building was pretty much left as
is with minarets added and some other modifications inside something people
usually like to forget about the Ottomans they did largely leave the Christian
population free to practice across the Empire they seem to realize that attempting
to Stamp Out the church would compel local populations into a life or death
struggle to the last man whereas having the church where they could keep an
eye on it and basically intact the form of administrational structure for the
Christian population was infinitely easier the status of Cyprus as an ottoman
Administration unit wavered back and forth in ways that are difficult to make
sense of unless you're accustomed to the unique practices and terminology of
the Ottoman governance to put all of this in context the ottoman period on
the island was bookended by atrocities in the Conquering of the island they
went particularly berserk in Nicosia slaughtering the entire population with
no one left alive except for the enslaved women and children in famagusta after
the siege lasting nearly a year the city was originally surrendered on quite
favorable terms for the Venetian Defenders but for reasons that are not entirely
clear Mustafa Pasha suddenly appeared to change his mind and proceeded to not
only kill the commander Marco Antonio bragadin in about the most Ott way possible
but also slaw to all of the remaining Christian population in the city pretty
Grim stuff wind forward from the 1500s to the early 1800s and after the Greek
Revolution was announced in 1821 literature was distributed on Cyprus in an
attempt to germinate the revolution there too and the ottoman Governors began
executing Bishops and hundreds of other Greek cypriots by all accounts the
Bishops made no attempt at armed resistance and in the case of Archbishop ciprianos
declined the offers of Asylum by European consoles even knowing his life was
in grave danger he was hanged on July 9 with other Bishops beheaded soon after
sadly history shows us that over and over humans are only too willing to commit
appalling massacres both to expand their Empires and maintain their Empires
but even though attempts at Revolution were brutally suppressed on Cyprus later
in the 1800s wider geopolitical offense would overtake the situation on the
island itself in 1878 in the aftermath the russo-turkish war a secretive agreement
between the Ottomans and the British known as the Cyprus convention meant the
island passed into British Administration considering its proximity to the
British Holdings around the Suez Canal Cyprus had suddenly become a very strategic
stepping off point for the British it is worth noting that on paper it was
still an ottoman territory the British were administering but in 1914 when
the first world war broke out the Ottomans declared their allegiance with the
Central Powers and the British promptly declared Cyprus to be part of the British
Empire there were hopes that the British would be sympathetic of the hopes
among the greek-speaking population to be reunited with the Greek State and
this wasn't as implausible as it might sound the British Empire had donated
Corfu and the ionian islands to the Greek state in 1864. but no the British
had no intention of giving up their Outpost which served as the guard house
for the most important sea Lane in the Empire now look maybe I've played myself
here I keep putting off a larger explanation of the current geopolitical situation
on Cyprus and yet here we are videos already sitting at over 20 minutes long
and without doubling the run time I don't feel like we can adequately unpick
the exact circumstance that brought us to the present state of Cyprus as we
speak the Cold War channel is going through a pretty much Blow by blur account
of the political situation pretty in-depth causality of how and who and when
so for a much wider view on it you might want to just go and check that out
we're going to try and highlight a bit of The Wider context and the events
that led directly to the war so after unrest against British rule in Cyprus
it was declared an independent state in 1960 which is not really what anyone
on the island wanted I mean Insurgency groups like aoka operated with the goal
of uniting Cyprus with Greece given both linguistic and cultural ties it's
not all that hard to see why greek-speaking cypriots would want Union with
the Greek State and for reference this idea is known as inosis however the
Greek State between 1967 and 1974 was very different to the current Democratic
Greek Republic this was the regime of the colonels a hard-right military dictatorship
it's not really an exaggeration to call them fascists they arrest at least
10 000 people in a very short space of time imprisoned thousands of them tortured
thousands of them and no shock suspended just about all the Democratic freedoms
in the country not to spoiler the ending but the conflict in Cyprus was actually
the impetus that upturned that regime on Greece but given the backdrop of not
only increasing tension between the Greek and Turkish communities on the island
but the appalling levels of Bloodshed and human sufferings occurred around
the population exchanges from Greece and Turkey made following the first World
War history shows us that displacing a population never happens peacefully
or without at least one group going through an absolute health I mean wishing
your ethnically distinct neighbors away is not a bloodless act it either leads
to a refugee crisis genocide or more commonly both so the calls from the Turkish
Community for attacks him that is the partition of the island is a little more
understandable and bearing in mind that they were numerically in a minority
I mean the 1960 census putting the Turkish cypriot population around 18 of
the Island's residents this figure has been challenged and may have been slightly
higher but not by much finally while this might seem the most irrelevant part
of all to understand European geopolitics in the second half of the 20th century
in the minds of military leaders and a great many politicians everything was
about the capitalist West versus communism things that we would assume had
little to nothing to do with the Soviet Union were all viewed through the calculus
of quote US versus the Communists the Greek military Hunter we just mentioned
was launched on the pretext of preventing a communist plot I'm gonna run out
of air quotes before this is done but all this means that whenever dealing
with Cyprus the issue of what's best for the island came a sort of distant
17th Place in the concerns of Western military planners and while it was clear
to any Outsider that the years of Insurgency and counterinsurgency with political
factions forming around the different ideals for the governance of Cyprus was
all looking rather ominous the goal was never what was best for Cyprus but
more how can we maintain an effective bullwark against communism and how can
we prevent two NATO members that's Greece and Turkey from going to war over
it so it's a mess and between a Turkish air raid and uprisings blood was being
spilled and both communities feeling less and less safe more and more they
were Keen to take our arms to protect their own and the dam finally broke in
1974 after a military coup launched jointly from Cyprus and the Greek government
deposed the Archbishop macarios who had been a leader and pivotal figure on
Cyprus since Independence but we don't have time to interrogate his various
positions and motivations the military installed Nico Sampson's president and
he was well known as part of the aoka B movement and aggressively anti-turkish
five days after the overthrow of the cypriot government turkey landed troops
on kyrenia on the morning of July 20th and if this seems like an overreaction
the very same day the Turkish Enclave in Limassol surrendered to the cypriot
Army totaling about 10 000 people and what followed Not only was the area of
the Town being burnt but there were killings and atrocities committed against
the men women and children the fighting on the island went on for just under
a month and by the time a ceasefire was broken on the 17th of August just under
40 of the island was under Turkish control the subsequent movement of refugees
totaled about 160 000 Greek cypriots and about 60 000 Turkish cypriots the
U.N buffer zone was set up to guard the line between North and South in 1983
the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was declared flag shot but received
no International recognition other than from Turkey I don't really want to
insert a conclusion here because there hasn't been one the conflict on Cyprus
is often described not as ending but as being frozen because a piece wasn't
really resolved the fighting stopped but in a manner that's not particularly
satisfactory to anyone as we mentioned in the episode Northern Cyprus today
is a pretty modern and relaxed place to live all things considered and the
Republic of Cyprus has clearly done well but what do you want you want me to
suggest what the answer is get out of here I don't what do I know like we've
spent about the last 100 years trying to figure out how to have a peaceful
Cyprus and we're still not there having seen both communities I am optimistic
it can be achieved socially politically that remains to be seen I'll be honest
I discovered as I was making these two episodes on Cyprus I really don't enjoy
making videos this broad that cover as much time as we have whenever I see
summary videos on YouTube I'm usually left with so many questions it's frustrating
not to be able to dig more substantially into different periods but if this
particular wide-angle view from the Romans to the current Republic offers us
one thing there are curious Echoes I mean the way in which Cyprus time and
time again has been influenced by European powers far to its West and above
all the fact that a power sharing group between the then Islamic forces and
Byzantine christian powers managed to hold for three of the most turbulent
centuries in the Western Mediterranean I mean that has to give us some hope
for peace and stability on Cyprus anyway the other reason I don't like this
sort of episode is the amount of time it takes to write and research and knowing
that the comments section is probably going to need its own un buffer zone
to stop people from starting a fight so next episode something far less contentious
I mean it's not like there have been any modern conflicts in Croatia that was
a joke people pipe down but yes a series that probably should have started
in 2020 on the Croatian Adriatic Coast is finally getting made so stick around
for that and look be nice to people in the comments below find the music you've
been hearing in these episodes on bandcamp.com and support us there a follow
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