A virion, i.e. an elementary viral particle, is composed of either a DNA or RNA core surrounded by a protein covering called a capsid. It has no cell wall. It penetrates another cell, bacterium, animal or plant cell, merges its core with its host's genetic material, and directs it to make more copies or the virus, often, maybe always, to the point where it literally bursts the host cell.
IIRC, the saline solution decreases the number of droplets(bioaerosols) formed during sneezing or coughing apparently by the effect on surface tension in the secretions of the respiratory tract.
Oops, I stand corrected - no cell. However, DNA and RNA are both strands of nucleic acids which could be affected adversely by a supersaturated saline solution, yes? I'm sincerely asking here. :)