[jammer]

Bureaucracies exist to employ bureaucrats. What realist can be surprised? Central planning results in, for example, 75 consecutive years of "bad weather" in Russia which leads to poor harvests which leads to 70 consecutive years of unmet goals in 5-year "plans."

For other examples, check the American companies (all that I know of are bankrupt) who used the TQM planning models of Demming.

When people do most of their own planning, with their own risks, "plans" work much better. They actually plan and implement, rather than plan for planning's sake. Results count, not the "process."

[Kenny Bunk]

When people do most of their own planning, with their own risks, "plans" work much better. They actually plan and implement, rather than plan for planning's sake.=TQM planning models of Demming.

Using the very model of TQM, with some mods based on their culture, the Japs managed to practically wipe out Detroit. IMHO, American Managers tend to use this an an HR sop to their workers, to give them a "sense" of participation, instead of turning them loose. If you're going to try TQM, Six Sigma, HPT, etc. Execute HR first.