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Texas court bans deep linking
The Register ^ | 1/23/07

Posted on 01/24/2007 12:04:07 PM PST by LibWhacker

Deeply disturbing, Google lawyer says

A court in Dallas, Texas has found a website operator liable for copyright infringement because his site linked to an 'audio webcast' without permission. Observers have criticised the judge for failing to understand the internet.

Robert Davis runs Supercrosslive.com and put direct links on his site to audio streams of motorcycle racing. Those streams were created, owned and hosted by SFX Motor Sports, which is behind some of the events covered.

A preliminary injunction was granted on 12th December by Judge Sam Lindsay in the US District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Judge Lindsay followed that ruling with a summary judgment for SFX on 9th January, leaving only damages to be determined at trial, on the same day that Davis filed an appeal against the December ruling.

Judge Lindsay ruled that Davis's activity infringed copyright and curtailed the ability of SFX to sell advertising and sponsorship on its site. That advertising is displayed when the audio streams are listened to from the SFX site but not when they are linked to from Davis's.

In fact the December opinion was unclear on the exact nature of Davis's activity. SFX asserted that "Davis 'streams' the live webcast of the races on his website in 'real time'". Davis denied streaming but admitted to "providing an audio webcast 'link' to the racing events on his website". Judge Lindsay appears to accept that Davis is only linking to a media file, not streaming content from his own site.

"The live broadcasts of the racing events, either via television, radio or internet webcasts, constitute original audiovisual material that can be copyrighted under the Copyright Act," wrote Lindsay in his December opinion. "The court finds that SFX has shown a substantial likelihood of succeeding on the merits of its copyright claim against Davis because SFX has shown ownership of the material and 'copying' by Davis."

Davis argued that he did not actually copy any material, he only provided a link to it which opened the material in a user's media player, but the court ruled that that link broke the law.

"The court finds that the unauthorized 'link' to the live webcasts that Davis provides on his website would likely qualify as a copied display or performance of SFX’s copyrightable material," said Lindsay. "The court also finds that the link Davis provides on his website is not a 'fair use' of copyright material as Davis asserts through his Answer."

Judge Lindsay did not look to other cases on deep linking, being hyperlinks that target something other than a website's homepage. Instead, he looked at cases on live television broadcasts. He compared Davis's actions to those of a company sued by the NFL for the unauthorised capture and satellite transmission of live football broadcasts to viewers in Canada. Finding infringement, that court said a public performance or display, for the purposes of the Copyright Act, "includes each step in the process by which a protected work wends its way to its audience."

The opinion and summary judgment prompted one blogger, James Robertson, to accuse Judge Lindsay of having "no idea how the internet works". Davis was representing himself in his case, without the assistance of a lawyer. Perhaps guided by comments from various bloggers (including William Patry, Senior Copyright Counsel at Google, who called it "a deeply disturbing case"), Davis's appeal argues that since the December ruling he has "become familiar with" a 2000 decision on deep linking.

"Had this court been aware of this prior decision, Defendant believes this court may have produced a different ruling," wrote Davis in his latest motion of 12th January, which asks the court to stay the order of 11th December pending his appeal (though it makes no reference to the Summary Judgment handed down three days earlier). The case to which he refers is the dispute between Ticketmaster Corp. and Tickets.com.

Tickets.com, a seller of tickets, was sued for linking to pages on Ticketmaster's website where users could find tickets not available at Tickets.com. The US District Court for the Central District of California concluded: "hypertext linking [without framing] does not itself involve a violation of the Copyright Act … since no copying is involved."

That court went on to describe the process of hypertext linking: "The customer is automatically transferred to the particular genuine web page of the original author. There is no deception in what is happening. This is analogous to using a library's card index to get reference to particular items, albeit faster and more efficiently."

However, if an appeal is heard, unless Davis's site made clear that the target file was being served by another website, SFX may be able to distinguish its circumstances from those of Ticketmaster.

Davis's site has become a repository for court documents and links to coverage of the case.


TOPICS: News/Current Events; US: Texas
KEYWORDS: bans; court; deep; linking
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1 posted on 01/24/2007 12:04:10 PM PST by LibWhacker
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To: LibWhacker

whoa!


2 posted on 01/24/2007 12:10:22 PM PST by whatexit
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To: LibWhacker

Bump for later reading


3 posted on 01/24/2007 12:13:04 PM PST by Kevmo (Darn, if only I had signed up 4 days earlier, I'd have a 3-digit Freeper #)
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To: LibWhacker
You can block hot linking with a few lines of code on your web server.

It is actually SOP to do so.

This is a draconian solution to a problem that only exists because of the ignorance and incompetence of the plaintiff and his attorney.

4 posted on 01/24/2007 12:13:08 PM PST by E. Pluribus Unum (Islam is a religion of peace, and Muslims reserve the right to kill anyone who says otherwise.)
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To: LibWhacker

All this means is that you can't steal content... not that any one here would embed content without permission.


5 posted on 01/24/2007 12:13:15 PM PST by Jeff Chandler ("... without victory there is no survival." - Winston Churchill)
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To: Fierce Allegiance

Look where we are going. If names are copyrighted, we can't type them, we can't link to media....Net Censoring.


6 posted on 01/24/2007 12:13:30 PM PST by Calpernia (Breederville.com)
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To: LibWhacker
Well, this should bring out the posts from people for and against this decision.

In my (albeit non-legal) opinion, he's guilty of violating copyright.

The meat of the issue is in the few couple of paragraphs of the article.

In the prior decision...

That court went on to describe the process of hypertext linking: "The customer is automatically transferred to the particular genuine web page of the original author. There is no deception in what is happening. This is analogous to using a library's card index to get reference to particular items, albeit faster and more efficiently."
The difference is, in this case, the guy isn't making it clear that he's not hosting the content-- and he's stripping of the advertising that SFX has placed on their feeds. I think SFX has a legitimate case of copyright infringement.
7 posted on 01/24/2007 12:14:56 PM PST by Egon ("If all your friends were named Cliff, would you jump off them??" - Hugh Neutron)
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To: Jeff Chandler
All this means is that you can't steal content... not that any one here would embed content without permission.

What this means is that the plaintiff, his attorney and the judger are too ignorant and incompetent to know that part of competently administering a web server is to block hot-linking if you so desire.

It's SOP to block hot-linking, and requires minimal knowledge and effort.

8 posted on 01/24/2007 12:15:43 PM PST by E. Pluribus Unum (Islam is a religion of peace, and Muslims reserve the right to kill anyone who says otherwise.)
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To: Jeff Chandler

I'm not sure if that is what was said, "his site linked to an 'audio webcast' without permission".

That doesn't say content, that says linked.


9 posted on 01/24/2007 12:16:03 PM PST by Calpernia (Breederville.com)
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To: LibWhacker

There's an entire generation of people in positions in power whose mindsets are still stuck in the transistor age:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f99PcP0aFNE


10 posted on 01/24/2007 12:16:45 PM PST by Rb ver. 2.0 (A Muslim soldier can never be loyal to a non-Muslim commander.)
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To: Egon
I think SFX has a legitimate case of copyright infringement.

This is a judicial solution to a technical problem that has already been solved. If you don't want people hot-linking to your images/videos, merely configure your server to only serve them to requests originating from your own web pages.

This is web server administration 101.

11 posted on 01/24/2007 12:17:34 PM PST by E. Pluribus Unum (Islam is a religion of peace, and Muslims reserve the right to kill anyone who says otherwise.)
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To: Calpernia

Just wait until Pelosi et. al. make conservative chat sites a hate crime, with jail time. Evidence gathering will go back to the day Al Gore invented the internet.


12 posted on 01/24/2007 12:18:34 PM PST by Fierce Allegiance ("Campers laugh at clowns behind closed doors.")
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To: E. Pluribus Unum
It's SOP to block hot-linking, and requires minimal knowledge and effort.

I agree with you that this should have been done.

However, that doesn't mean that they shouldn't be able to go after the guy for copyright infringement.

Your argument would be analogous to this:

If I forget to lock my vehicle in a parking lot, and some kid steals my radio, I can't take legal action to get it back because SOP should be to lock my vehicle.

13 posted on 01/24/2007 12:20:11 PM PST by Egon ("If all your friends were named Cliff, would you jump off them??" - Hugh Neutron)
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To: Calpernia
That doesn't say content, that says linked.

You link to content.

The word "link" in this context has no meaning without content to link to.

An HTML link looks like this:

< a href="http://website.com/motorcycle.mpg">Motor Cycle Movie</a>

In this case, the link is to the "motorcycle.mpg" movie.

14 posted on 01/24/2007 12:21:43 PM PST by E. Pluribus Unum (Islam is a religion of peace, and Muslims reserve the right to kill anyone who says otherwise.)
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To: LibWhacker

You can't expect too much from a judge. But we should be able to expect a judge to know the difference between a reference to something and the thing.
Too much for a legal mind? Apparently.
The nature of the internet is that all links are ALLOWED!
Fascism is upon us.


15 posted on 01/24/2007 12:22:02 PM PST by Leftism is Mentally Deranged (fascism in any form is wrong)
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To: Jeff Chandler
All this means is that you can't steal content... not that any one here would embed content without permission.

Nope, never saw a single Anna Kournikova pic on FR.

16 posted on 01/24/2007 12:23:32 PM PST by Fierce Allegiance ("Campers laugh at clowns behind closed doors.")
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To: Egon
It's SOP to block hot-linking, and requires minimal knowledge and effort.

To play devil's advocate to my own argument, though:

A case could be made by the defendant that, because hot-linking was not blocked, it was implied consent to hot-link.

17 posted on 01/24/2007 12:24:24 PM PST by Egon ("If all your friends were named Cliff, would you jump off them??" - Hugh Neutron)
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To: Calpernia; E. Pluribus Unum
Of course it is smart to block hot linking, just as is is smart to install deadbolt locks on your doors, but it is still wrong to break in and take the jewelry.

That doesn't say content, that says linked.

It was hot linking, not just linking. Here is the difference:


Linking: Helen Thomas


Hot Linking:

18 posted on 01/24/2007 12:25:26 PM PST by Jeff Chandler ("... without victory there is no survival." - Winston Churchill)
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To: Egon
However, that doesn't mean that they shouldn't be able to go after the guy for copyright infringement.

Of course.

A solution involving lawyers is ALWAYS preferable to expecting morons to get a clue.

19 posted on 01/24/2007 12:26:00 PM PST by E. Pluribus Unum (Islam is a religion of peace, and Muslims reserve the right to kill anyone who says otherwise.)
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To: Jeff Chandler
Of course it is smart to block hot linking, just as is is smart to install deadbolt locks on your doors, but it is still wrong to break in and take the jewelry.

This is more akin to the skinhead in the car in front of you showing porn movies on his in-car video screen and suing you for watching them while driving in the car behind him.

20 posted on 01/24/2007 12:28:27 PM PST by E. Pluribus Unum (Islam is a religion of peace, and Muslims reserve the right to kill anyone who says otherwise.)
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