The Constitution creates and limits the central government to only those powers delegated by the Constitution. Outside of actual constitutional limitations against the states, which are few, the state are sovereign, as confirmed by the 9th and 10th Amendments. It is not only the right but the duty of states to reject and nullify unconstitutional federal acts which by definition are acts of tyranny.
All of that to say, yes, states can legally ban unconstitutional CCW’s and every other unconstitutional federal act. It is the feds who are acting illegally. The states have the moral and legal high ground. But to do it right, the states must give notice and explain why the federal act is unconstitutional - in most cases, not too difficult.
Here’s the rub - what it always comes down to - money and economic dependency. The underlying issue with the states is becoming economically independent of the feds. Most state governors don’t want to go there unfortunately but its way past time. Our country was founded on the idea of freedom and INDEPENDENCE and the states need to get back to that. Again the states have the legal and moral high ground of the Constitution against illegal and unconstitutional federal acts.
Depending on the fed’s is the state’s downfall. If the fed says jump the state asks how high?