My guess on the battery is that by 2025, it’ll be determined that it has to be disposed in a particular way, and only one such plant in the US will handle it (somewhere in New Mexico)....for $2,100 per battery (my humble guess o the cost). At that point, everyone who owns a battery-powered car will have a laugh...dumping their batteries in some local landfill or on some dirt road.
The only way battery operated cars would ever work is if the batteries are universal regardless of vehicle make (much in the way gas/diesel fuel is universal for conventionally powered vehicles)and were able to be removed and replaced in 10 minutes or less. That way the flat battery could be exchanged at a “station” so there would be no recharge wait time. The Blue Rhino company does something very similar this with propane tanks every day. But again, there is still the issue of environmental impact from the battery. IMO, hydrogen is the way.
Lithium battery recycling is already established and working. There are plenty of non-car lithium batteries already in the economy. Recycling lead-acid batteries already shows how will work. But for automobile batteries, it will be the service companies who replace the battery packs that do the recycling....not the individual consumer.