The true humiliation came after 1949 and it was solely inflicted by the Communists.
Self-inflicted, it should be said.
The ideas may have come from Europe, but the implementation was almost entirely indigenous by Mao and his Red cadres.
Over 75 millions dead worth of self-inflicted humiliation, per Rummel.
http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/20TH.HTM