Even if he didn’t literally toss it in the trash, he invaded Syria the same day. Pretty much the same message...
Invasions take some time to organize, if he went in the next day he had begun preparations long before.
One way of looking at it, is Trump is a boorish fool, who should never have talked to another President that way, and who precipitated a war between Turkey and Syria.
Another way of looking at it, is Trump is a genius master of human psychology, and goaded Erdogan into an action which will ultimately destroy the Turkish Islamic State.
I'm leaning towards the latter.