[steve86]

Are you telling me the VLF transmissions aren’t circularly polarized?

[Mariner]

“Are you telling me the VLF transmissions aren’t circularly polarized?”

Vertical if TACAMO.

For shore stations like Jim Creek in Washington, they appeared to me to be horizontally polarized with and entire mountain of 4in copper cable as the ground field.

Hell, the primary amp tube was 30ft tall copper dome.

[radionet]

Circular polarization is used in satellite communications, microwave frequencies,...for VLF the wavelength of approximately 10 miles makes circular polarization impractical.