Was there more cuts in that bill? Why did that one fail and this one pass?
Because a bunch of Republicans want to go home and watch football.
The bill that failed on Friday “included vastly reduced stopgap funding for the government as well as severe immigration restrictions,” per the New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/09/29/us/politics/government-shutdown-mccarthy-votes.html
That one failed because all the Democrats voted against it. This one (without the spending cuts and without the immigration provisions) passed because all the Democrats except one voted for it.