If the circuits that protect the battery allow it to be charged when there are cells which have not reached a high enough temperature... those cells are damaged or destroyed. One damaged cell among hundreds or even thousands can cause the battery to self-destruct.
One of my hobbies is playing with small drones. Even the little batteries that I use in them can put on a spectacular show and destroy the drone. That is why you always get rid of any battery that shows signs of damage. Sometimes you notice a bulging cell, sometimes you notice that they are going dead sooner than they should, many times the primary charger that I use indicates there is a problem.
“Sometimes you notice a bulging cell”
I had a couple of large auxiliary battery packs for my computer, iPad and phone when I’m away from an outlet. I noticed one of them was bulging a few years ago and immediately tossed it. The manufacturer sent me a replacement based on the photo I sent them.
Is there a capacity / size below which there is no problem? What about one-time, disposable Li-ion batteries? Do they ever catch on fire or explode?