I don't know of whom Dante spoke, but he was a poet, not a theologian.
The Limbo of unbaptized babies is not part of the divine revelation of the Catholic Church. It has been part of educated theological speculation by Augustine, Aquinas and others.
There are many much, much more educated Catholics on this forum than yours truly, but that is the best explanation I can give.
403 Following St. Paul, the Church has always taught that the overwhelming misery which oppresses men and their inclination towards evil and death cannot be understood apart from their connection with Adam's sin and the fact that he has transmitted to us a sin with which we are all born afflicted, a sin which is the "death of the soul".Because of this certainty of faith, the Church baptizes for the remission of sins even tiny infants who have not committed personal sin.