At the Last Supper, obviously, and then that authority was propagated on to the bishops. You remember bishops, right ... they're the overseers Paul says he appointed "in every town" ... the same ones of whom Ignatius of Antioch wrote 50 years later, when he wrote that to celebrate the Eucharist apart from the authority of the bishop was like worshipping the devil. Remember that?
I remember the catholic (that’s a small
c”) priesthood of all believers.
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Priesthood+of+all+believers
YMMV!