From: Isaiah 6:1-8
The Lord calls Isaiah
“Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts;
the whole earth is full of his glory.”
[4] And the foundations of the thresholds shook at the voice of him who called,
and the house was filled with smoke. [5] And I said: “Woe is me! For I am lost;
for I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean
lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts!”
[6] Then flew one of the seraphim to me, having in his hand a burning coal which
he had taken with tongs from the altar. [7] And he touched my mouth, and said:
“Behold, this has touched your lips; your guilt is taken away, and your sin forgi-
ven.” [8] And I heard the voice of the Lord saying, “Whom shall I send, and who
will go for us?” Then I said, “Here am I! Send me.”
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Commentary:
6:1-13. As an introduction to what is called the “Book of Immanuel” (7:1-12:6)
we get this account of how the Lord called Isaiah to be a prophet, sending him
to his people at the time of the Syrian-Ephraimite coalition to explain to them
what is going on and how they should act.
The account begins with a theophany (vv. 1-4), which is one of the key points
in this book’s message. God manifests himself seated in the manner of eastern
kings, surrounded by his angelic court (the “seraphim”), who extol the holiness
of the Lord: he clearly is Lord of all. In this vision, God is depicted as the thrice
holy (v. 3), the highest form of superlative available in Hebrew. Being holy im-
plies standing apart — standing above everything else. God stands far above all
other beings and he is their creator. In Hebrew “holy” includes the idea of “sa-
cred”. It means that God has none of the limitations and imperfections that
created beings have.
The holiness and majesty of God fill Isaiah with a sense of his own uncleaness
and that of his people (v. 5). Typically, visions of God in biblical history induce
feelings of fear in the seer; we even see this in the angel’s announcement to
Mary (cf. Lk 1:30): “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favour with God.”
“Faced with God’s fascinating and mysterious presence, man discovers his
own insignificance. Before the burning bush, Moses takes off his sandals and
veils his face (cf. Ex 3:5-6) in the presence of God’s holiness. Before the glory
of the thrice-holy God, Isaiah cries out: ‘Woe is me! I am lost; for I am a man of
unclean lips’ (Is 6:5). Before the divine signs wrought by Jesus, Peter exclaims:
‘Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, O Lord’ (Lk 5:8). But because God is ho-
ly, he can forgive the man who realizes that he is a sinner before him: ‘I will not
execute my fierce anger . . . for I am God and not man, the Holy One in your
midst (Hos 11:9)’” (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 208).
Isaiah is cleansed and consoled as soon as he humbly acknowledges his un-
worthiness and insignificance before God (vv. 6-7). His instinctive sense of fear
is immediately replaced by a generous and trusting response on the prophet’s
part: he is ready to do what God wants (v. 8). “In their ‘one to one’ encounters
with God the prophets draw light and strength for their mission. Their prayer is
not flight from this unfaithful world, but rather attentiveness to the Word of God.
At times their prayer is an argument or a complaint, but it is always an interces-
sion that awaits and prepares for the intervention of the Saviour God, the Lord of
history (cf. Amos 7:2, 5; Is 6:5, 8, 11; Jer 1:6; 15:15-18; 20:7-18)” (Catechism
of the Catholic Church, 2584).
Finally, the Lord entrusts him with his mission. The message he is to deliver is
hard-hitting and full of paradoxes (vv. 9-10). The task given him is not, as one
might at first think, to render the people incapable of hearing and understanding
the word of God that could move their hearts. It is, rather, to tell them that if
they fail to listen to the word of God, their hearts will be blinded: they will not be
able to see things right and, because of that, the sinner will feel no need to take
stock of his position and be converted. The Synoptic Gospels interpret Jesus’
preaching as a fulfilment of what is said here in vv. 9-10 (Mt 13:13-15; Mk 4:11-
12). The Gospel of St John sees these same words as anticipating what will
happen to those who reject Jesus’ message: “Therefore they could not believe.
For Isaiah again said, ‘He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart, lest
they should see with their eyes and perceive with their heart, and turn for me to
heal them.’ Isaiah said this because he saw his glory and spoke of him” (Jn 12:
27-41). And St Paul also uses vv. 9-10 to reproach the Jews of Rome for rejec-
ting the Good News of salvation in Christ which he is proclaiming to them (cf.
Acts 28:23-28).
The people’s hardness of heart will merit severe punishment; cities and houses
will he laid waste, but all will not be lost: a holy seed will remain and from it the
tree will grow back again (v. 11-13). These verses carry a message for people
in all ages. Isaiah approaches God in all humility, showing him every reverence,
and at the same time he puts his trust in God. For his part, the Lord cleanses
his chosen ones and sends them out to help in his work of salvation. Origen,
who commented on this passage a number of times, points out: “May burning
coals he brought from the altar of heaven to burn my lips. If the burning coals
of the Lord touch my lips, they will he purified; and when they are purified and
cleansed of all sin, […] my mouth will he opened to the Word of God and I will
not utter another impure word [...]. The seraphim who was sent to purify the pro-
phet’s lips did not purify the lips of the people […]; therefore, they continued to
live in sin, and now they deny the Lord Jesus Christ and curse him from their
unclean mouths. For my part, I pray that the seraphim will come to cleanse my
lips (Homiliae in Isaiam, 1, 4). All we need is the same humble docility that Isai-
ah had: “Having received the grace God, he did not want it to be a gift granted to
him to no avail, without being put to work in everything that needed to be done.
Seeing the seraphim and the Lord of hosts seated on high, on his throne of glo-
ry, he said: ‘Woe is me ...’. By speaking thus and making himself ‘unworthy’,
he received the help of God because He took in account his humility” (ibid., 6:2).
And St John Chrysostom, commenting on Isaiah’s response to God, says that
the prophet shows readiness to carry out his mission to the people because
“since the saints are friends of God, they, too, love all men dearly” (”In Isaiam,”
6, 5).
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
From: Matthew 10:24-33
Jesus’ Instructions to the Apostles (Continuation)
[26] “So have no fear of them; for nothing is covered that will not be revealed, or
hidden that will not be known. [27] What I tell you in the dark, utter in the light;
and what you hear whispered, proclaim upon the housetops. [28] And do not fear
those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather fear Him who can destroy
both soul and body in hell. [29] Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? And not
one of them will fall to the ground without your Father’s will. [30] But even the
hairs of your head are all numbered. [31] Fear not, therefore; you are of more va-
lue than many sparrows. [32] So every one who acknowledges Me before men,
I also will acknowledge before My Father who is in heaven; [33] but whoever de-
nies Me before men, I also will deny before My Father who is in heaven.”
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Commentary:
24-25. Jesus uses these two proverbs to hint at the future that awaits His dis-
ciples: their greatest glory will consist in imitating the Master, being identified
with Him, even if this means being despised and persecuted as He was before
them: His example is what guides a Christian; as He Himself said, “I am the
Way, the Truth, and the Life” (John 14:6).
Beelzebul (cf. Luke 11:15) was the name of the idol of the ancient Philistine city
of Ekron. The Jews later used the word to describe the devil or the prince of de-
vils (cf. Matthew 12:24), and their hatred of Jesus led them to the extreme of ap-
plying it to Him.
To equip them for the persecution and misunderstanding which Christians will
suffer (John 15:18), Jesus encourages them by promising to stay close to them.
Towards the end of His life He will call them His friends (John 15:15) and little
children (John 13:33).
26-27. Jesus tells His disciples not to be afraid of calumny and detraction. A
day will come when everyone will come to know the whole truth about everyone
else, their real intentions, the true dispositions of their souls. In the meantime,
those who belong to God may be misrepresented by those who resort to lies,
out of malice or passion. These are the hidden things which will be made known.
Christ also tells the Apostles to speak out clearly. Jesus’ divine teaching me-
thod led Him to speak to the crowds in parables so that they came to discover
His true personality by easy stages. After the coming of the Holy Spirit (cf.
Acts 1:8), the Apostles would have to preach from the rooftops about what
Jesus had taught them.
We too have to make Christ’s doctrine known in its entirety, without any ambi-
guity, without being influenced by false prudence or fear of the consequences.
28. Using this and other Gospel texts (Matthew 5:22, 29; 18:9; Mark 9:43, 45,
47; Luke 12:5), the Church teaches that hell exists; there those who die in mor-
tal sin suffer eternal punishment (cf. “St. Pius V Catechism”, I, 6, 3), in a man-
ner not known to us in this life (cf. St. Teresa of Avila, “Life”, Chapter 32). See
notes on Luke 16:19-31.
Therefore, our Lord warns His disciples against false fear. We should not fear
those who can only kill the body. Only God can cast body and soul into hell.
Therefore God is the only one we should fear and respect; He is our Prince and
Supreme Judge—not men. The martyrs have obeyed this precept of the Lord in
the fullest way, well aware that eternal life is worth much more than earthly life.
29-31. An “as” (translated here as “penny”) was a small coin of very little value.
Christ uses it to illustrate how much God loves His creatures. As St. Jerome
says (”Comm. in Matth.”, 10:29-31): “If little birds, which are of such little value,
still come under the providence and care of God, how is it that you, who, given
the nature of your soul, are immortal, can fear that you are not looked after care-
fully by Him whom you respect as your Father?” Jesus again teaches us about
the fatherly providence of God, which He spoke about at length in the Sermon
on the Mount (cf. Matthew 6:19-34).
32-33. Here Jesus tells us that public confession of our faith in Him—whatever
the consequences—is an indispensable condition for eternal salvation. After the
Judgment, Christ will welcome those who have given testimony of their faith and
condemn those whom fear caused to be ashamed of Him (cf. Matthew 7:23; 25:
41; Revelation 21:8). The Church honors as “confessors” those Saints who have
not undergone physical martyrdom but whose lives bore witness to the Catholic
faith. Although every Christian should be ready to die for his faith, most Christians
are called to be confessors of the faith.
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.