Can you tell me when the Talmud was written, relative to when the 10 Commandments were recognized?
A quick search found that the Talmud is a collection of writings. Those writings were written over the period of the 2nd - 5th Century AD.
The 10 Commandments are from Moses' trip up the mountain -- but as the Israelites remained (for the most part) on the plain below, they could hear the commandments as they were pronounced. So, about 1450 BC.
The Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud are similar but not identical; they were written during the period of rabbinical Judaism, IOW, after the destruction of the First Temple by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar (about 586 BC). The Babylonian Talmud, at least, was comprehensively edited in the middle ages, because most Jews (particularly the learned Jews, the rabbis) still lived in the former heart of Babylon.
The Jews of India descend for the most part from a small colonizing group from Baghdad which nearly met its end when the ship cracked up on the Indian coast.
The Jews of Tunisia (especially the isle of Djerba) by their own tradition got there because of the destruction of the First Temple; the El Ghriba synagogue is purportedly the oldest in the world. Rather than rabbis, the Jews of Djerba have kohens (descendants of Aaron).
Talmud
Between the 2nd and 5th centuries CE these rabbinic discussions about the Mishnah were recorded in Jerusalem and later in Babylon (now Al Hillah in Iraq).
https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/texts/talmud.shtml
Bible
https://www.biblica.com/resources/bible-faqs/when-was-the-bible-written/
the actual transcription, writing down of the Talmud, was generally between 100 and 500 (so it started about the time of the gospel of John and went forward)... but it was a massive effort ... recording what had been the entire (or at least a very substantial part) of the received oral teachings going back to the time of Moses and Sinai. the teaching is, of course, that the Talmud(s) was given to Moses at Sinai at the same time as the 10 commandments, partly to explain what they meant and how they are to be understood and applied, and also filling in some essential details to the “Biblical” teachings
however, some sections of the Talmud clearly represent events or conditions known to have occurred later than that, so the best we can say is that it probably contains much material from the Biblical age and when it was written down then some additional material or editing had to take place.
ask a faithful Jew and you’ll be told it was taught from Gd to Moses while he was up the mountain.... ask a scholar and he’ll tell you it obviously contains some ancient material but clearly went through development with some additions in the later years, including while it was being transcribed
as with all this stuff from long ago, things develop.. you can see this development in the understanding about Jesus if you just start with Paul, the earliest canonized writer, who had nothing whatsoever unusual to report about Jesus’ birth and whose Christology, if you will, while somewhat ambiguous was pretty clearly more of the greek type than the eventual trinitarian doctrine.........................and then look at the earliest gospel Mark... an adoptionist sort of Christology.. again nothing special about Jesus’ birth or youth...being called out adopted at his baptism....... then get to Matthew and Luke.. and while differing somewhat, they believed Jesus had a special birth and his special status deriving from then.................finally of course the latest gospel of John, with the most extensive Christology with Jesus pre-existing his birth, etc etc. but still not a modern style trinity yet as that doctrine developed over the next 300 years or so to its present day form
not saying who is right or wrong.
just saying that accounts or understandings or stories or doctrines do tend to develop over time
sorry for ramble, hope something above is helpful
best,
fhc
The "Ten Commandments" (as chrstians wrongly call them) are part of the Holy Torah, which was written before the universe was created. "Talmud" (which means "learning") is actually a form of logic and study of the Oral Torah that was given along with the Written Torah on Mt. Sinai. There was a whole routine of study by the entire Jewish nation which is summarized in one of Rambam's works (I'm not sure which one, though it's probably Mishneh Torah). This oral instruction was passed on from generation to generation and was actually forbidden to be written down until the days of the evil Emperor Hadrian (rot his bones!). He unleashed such a persecution on the Jews that the Oral Torah was actually in danger of being totally lost (G-d forbid!). In such a case it was permitted to write it down to conserve it for posterity.
The set of volumes called the "Talmud" consist of two parts: the Mishnah and the Gamarah. The Mishnah was finalized by Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi' in the third chrstian century. The Gamarah was finalized in the fourth century. It is not a mere list of laws but contains arguments and discussions on almost every issue because what it is trying to teach is not merely laws but the method of Halakhic reasonig demanded by the Oral Torah as conveyed to Moses.
I know Catholics and Orthodox hypocritically hate the Talmud (after all, they all exalt their own unwritten traditions and post-Biblical writings), but it's a shame to see American Fundamentalist Protestants falling for this Nazi nonsense.
And by the way--please save your time and don't start re-fighting the Reformation here. That's a Catholic/Protestant thing and has absolutely no meaning in the context of Torah.