Luther did not cause modernity, but Lutheran practice devolved into modernity through Kant primarily. To this day, down-and-dirty Lutherans think of themselves as the true inheritors of the Catholic church, devoid of all the Renaissance frufru (both cultural and theological). In America Lutheranism became an ethnic German/Scandinavian phenomenon, but that was not at all Luther’s intention.
Boy, those Germans are sure trouble-makers . . . Kant, Nietzsche, Freud, Marx, Wagner, Hegel, Bismarck. I am purposefully avoiding the big one from the 20th century in order to not invoke Godwin’s Law.