The FReeper Foxhole Profiles General "Mad Anthony" Wayne - Nov. 15th, 2003

www.phmc.state.pa.us ^

[SAMWolf]

Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
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FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.

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General "Mad" Anthony Wayne
(1745 - 1796)

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Anthony Wayne was one of the most colorful of all the commanders-in-chief that the Army of the United States has ever had. Some have acclaimed him as the first native-born military genius, whose greatness as an organizer of troops and as a military planner is only now beginning to be recognized at its full worth. Because of his brilliant exploits during the American Revolution, he was regarded as a military hero in his own time, but his greatest achievement came after 1792. With a new American army, the Legion of the United States, which he organized and drilled, Wayne defeated hostile Indians of the Northwest Territory at Fallen Timbers in 1794, and then made peace with them at Greenville in 1795, putting an end to Indian raids and opening Ohio and northwestern Pennsylvania to settlement.

Born on January 1, 1745, in Chester County, Pennsylvania, Anthony was the only son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Iddings) Wayne and was named for his grandfather, Captain Anthony Wayne, a veteran of Marlborough's campaigns. His birthplace, the family home called Waynesborough, built by his grandfather in 1724, still stands about six miles from the borough of Wayne and about three miles from Paoli. Young Anthony's school record was far from outstanding. The most remarkable incident of his school days was a sham battle in which Wayne and his classmates re-enacted the capture of Fort Ticonderoga in 1759. He was punished for this escapade, but it showed his awareness of what was going on it the world as well as his inclination toward a military career. In school he learned enough mathematics to make him a competent surveyor and in 1765, when he was twenty years old, a land company sent him to look after the surveying of lands in Nova Scotia. During the winter he returned to Philadelphia and married Mary Penrose, the daughter of a Philadelphia merchant. The Nova Scotia land venture failed in 1766, and Wayne went back to Chester County to run the family farm and tannery in partnership with his father. His father's death in 1775 made him a man of means and position.



Despite his wealth and comfortable situation, Anthony Wayne did not hesitate when the issues leading to the American Revolution were drawn. In his county he became a leader of the people who objected to British efforts to tighten control over the colonies. He presided over committees in his county which framed resolutions of protest against the British coercive acts and enforced the agreement against the importation of British goods. In 1775 he represented Chester County in the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Finally, on January 3, 1776, he accepted a commission as colonel of the Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion and began his military career.


"Mad" Anthony Wayne's Signature

Anthony Wayne has been called the "trouble shooter of the Revolution" by a recent biographer, Harry Emerson Wildes. This phrase well describes his services in the Continental Army. He seemed to be everywhere at once-recruiting, drilling, disciplining, fighting, and raising supplies. Difficult assignments, insuperable tasks, dangerous feats were the stock in trade of this energetic and self-reliant soldier. The nickname, "Mad Anthony," which is said to have originated in the drunken babbling of a disgruntled soldier, reflects his quick temper. Wayne was impetuous and swift to action, but he was not rash or fool-hardy. As a commander he was cautious, and even his most glamorous deeds were based upon careful and painstaking plans.



In the spring of 1776 Wayne and his battalion went with the Pennsylvania brigade to reinforce the Canadian expedition, through which Congress had hoped to gain another colony for the American cause. By his personal bravery and leadership Wayne held his troops together to cover the retreat of the American army after the defeat at Three Rivers on the St. Lawrence. Congress abandoned the effort to win Canada, and Wayne was placed in command of Fort Ticonderoga. Here he had for the first time the thankless task of maintaining discipline among troops from various states who were disinclined to follow the orders of a Pennsylvania commander. Commanding Fort Ticonderoga was not as enjoyable as his childhood game of fighting for it. In February, 1777, he was made a brigadier general, and in April he left Ticonderoga to join Washington at Morristown, New Jersey, and take command of the Pennsylvania Line.


Limestone pedimental relief, Wayne County Building General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, soldiers and settlers concluding a treaty with Native Americans after the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794; Detroit; taken 1999

After a period of drilling and training, during which Wayne showed his customary concern for the proper equipment and uniforming of his men, the Pennsylvania Line fought in the campaign against the British occupation of Philadelphia in 1777. After the British army landed in Maryland and marched north, Wayne and his men were with the American army which attempted to stop them at Brandywine Creek on September 11. His troops held the center of the defense at Chadd's Ford. The American army, however, was outflanked by a British force which crossed the Brandywine higher up, and in the fierce fighting which followed Wayne's troops held the stream crossing until the rest of the army was out of danger. Washington retired north of the Schuylkill River and sent Wayne to circle around and harass the British in order to delay their advance on Philadelphia. This led to the greatest disaster of Wayne's military career.


British troops using only their bayonets inflicted over 300 casualties at Paoli

In an attack before dawn on September 20, the British fell upon his force of 1,500 men encamped at Paoli, not far from his birthplace. The British had learned the position of his camp from Tory spies. Wayne himself was warned by an old farmer of the approach of the British but not soon enough to get his men completely ready. The British moved up while it was still dark and slaughtered more than two hundred men before Wayne could get his forces organized to fight a rear-guard action. Because of the number killed by the cold steel of bayonets, this affair was known as the "Paoli Massacre." Although Wayne kept his head in the midst of confusion and gave the proper orders to get the rest of his men away safely, he was later accused of negligence. He asked for a court-martial, which acquitted him unanimously and called him "an active, brave and vigilant officer." In the career of almost every great military leader, similar disasters can be found, caused by sheer bad luck or an unforeseen combination of circumstances, but the measure of Wayne's greatness was his ability to meet disaster.

[SAMWolf]

Battle of Germantown

The British had occupied Philadelphia after the Battle of Brandywine. Washington planned a surprise attack on the elements of the British forces stationed at Germantown, five miles from the city. The Americans failed of success in this Battle of Germantown, October 4, 1777, because the stubborn British defense of the Chew House enabled them to get reinforcements in time. Again, Wayne and his troops were the rear guard covering the retreat of the American army. During the bitter winter at Valley Forge, Wayne kept "the esteem and confidence" of his men and led foraging expeditions to gather grain and cattle to feed the army. On one occasion in southern New Jersey, he and the Polish general, Count Casimir Pulaski, with six hundred men attacked and frightened away a British force of four thousand. When word came to Valley Forge in early June, 1778, that the British were leaving Philadelphia and moving across New Jersey to New York City, Wayne and his Pennsylvanians were among the first to leave the winter encampment in pursuit of the enemy, and they had an important part in the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, the occasion when Mary Hays, the wife of a Pennsylvania soldier, gained the nickname of "Molly Pitcher."


Molly Pitcher at the Battle of Monmouth.

In the spring of 1779 Wayne was placed in command of a separate corps of light infantry, which was formed of picked units from various states. With this corps on July 16, 1779, he carried out his most famous exploit, the surprise and capture of the British post at Stony Point on the Hudson River. Cannon, military stores, and more than five hundred prisoners were captured with this fort. Congress presented a medal to him for this victory. In 1780 his corps was stationed in the lower Hudson Valley, to hinder the British in New York City from gathering cattle and other supplies. When Benedict Arnold turned traitor and there was danger that West Point might fall to the British, Wayne marched his men sixteen miles at night over mountainous country in four hours and prevented the loss of this important post. The Pennsylvania troops mutinied in December, 1780, because of grievances over pay and term of service. Wayne helped to restore order and persuaded the Pennsylvania government to take care of their complaints.


Battle of Monmouth

In 1781 Wayne recruited new Pennsylvania troops and served under Lafayette in the Yorktown campaign against the British under Lord Cornwallis. During this service in Virginia on the lower James River, Wayne was ordered to attack what was supposedly only a detachment of the British army, but which was really Cornwallis' entire army. In a seemingly hopeless situation, outnumbered nearly ten to one, Wayne ordered a charge into the British army, a bold move which was so unexpected that his men got safely away. This battle at Green Springs, July 6, 1781, was the most startling success of his career.


Carried by aides, the wounded Gen."Mad Anthony" Wayne directs a bayonet attack in a battle.
His name remains a byword for daring.

After the Yorktown campaign had been successfully concluded by the surrender of the main British army, Wayne was sent to Georgia where the British, Loyalists, and hostile Indians were still virtually in control. As his forces and supplies were inadequate, his service there was a series of disappointments, but he held the field, and defeated the Creek Indians, in June, 1782. On July 12 his troops marched into Savannah as the British army sailed away, and after that he helped to restore order in that war-ravaged state. In 1783 he retired from the army with the brevet rank of major-general.

[SAMWolf]

Wayne's civilian life from 1783 to 1792 was less happy than his military career had been. The State of Georgia granted him an estate for his Revolutionary services; he ran into debt to improve it and lost it by foreclosure. He ventured into politics again both in Pennsylvania and Georgia without much success. In Pennsylvania he served in the General Assembly and in the Council of Censors, where his party failed in an attempt to revise the State Constitution. He was elected to Congress from Georgia, but in a few months lost his seat because of charges of irregularity in the election.


"Charge of the Dragoons at Fallen Timbers," painted by R. T. Zogbaum, ca. 1895. The painting illustrates General Anthony Wayne's campaign against the Ohio Indians in 1794.

The treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1783 had left some unfinished business, the actual establishment of United States authority over the western lands. Although by the treaty the territory south of the Great Lakes was ceded to the United State, it was actually held by unfriendly Indians whom the British encouraged to resist the advance of American settlement, in the hope of creating an Indian buffer state between the United States and Canada. The United States tried to bring these Indians under control and to open the Northwest Territory to settlement, first by peaceful means through treaties, and later by military expeditions. These efforts collapsed in 1791, when an army under General Arthur St. Clair was seriously defeated.


This painting of the signing of the Treaty of Greenville shows the defeated chief Little Turtle presenting a belt of wampum to General Anthony Wayne while William Wells translates.

President Washington decided both to reopen negotiations for peace with the western Indians and to build an army capable of imposing United States authority if the peace negotiations failed. To carry out these plans, Anthony Wayne was appointed as major-general in 1792 to command a new American army, called the Legion of the United States. He set up a training camp at Legionville, present-day Ambridge, Pennsylvania, and drilled and trained his soldiers to create a reliable and effective force. Cornplanter, the famous Seneca leader, tried to make peace between the United States and the western Indians at some risk of his life, for Wayne worried about his "safe return" in 1792. In March, 1793, Cornplanter visited Legionville and urged Wayne to hold back his army until United States commissioners could talk with the western Indians, and Wayne agreed in accordance with Washington's plans.


This flag was presented to the Miami chief She-Moc-E-Nish by General Anthony Wayne at the Treaty of Greenville in Ohio in 1795. The flag was handed down through two granddaughters of the chief. It is composed of fifteen stripes, red, white, and blue, made of domestic bunting, probably originally 3 feet 6 inches by 6 feet. The white linen field contains, in place of stars, the inscription, "A. Wayne, Commander in Chief."

The failure of these negotiations was Wayne's signal to move in the fall of 1793. Although he had been restless about delay, he advanced slowly, building roads and forts, making sure of his supplies, and sending out scouts. The next summer, he advanced into the heart of hostile territory, building more forts. About fifteen miles up the Maumee River from present Toledo, Ohio, Wayne's army finally met the main force of the Indians not far from the British post called Fort Miamis, and defeated them in the Battle of Fallen Timbers, August 20, 1794. This battle, together with the British refusal to help their allies, led to the submission of the Indians at the Treaty of Greenville in August, 1795.



Meanwhile, Jay's Treaty settled the existing disputes with the British, who agreed to withdraw from the posts on United States territory which they had been holding since the Revolution. In 1796 Wayne received orders to occupy these posts. On his return from a triumphal visit to Detroit, he landed at the new Pennsylvania fort at Presque Isle (Erie). There he fell ill and died on December 15, 1796, in the northwest blockhouse of Fort Presque Isle. He was buried at the foot of the flagpole of the fort, but in 1809 his son removed his bones to Radnor churchyard, Chester County. A replica of the original blockhouse stands on the site of his first grave on the grounds of the Pennsylvania Soldiers and Sailors Home at Erie.

Additional Sources:

earlyamerica.com
www.americanrevwar.homestead.com
www.ushistory.org
www.ohiohistorycentral.org
memory.loc.gov
sdcl.wayne.edu
teachpol.tcnj.edu
www.garrigus-family.com
www.archives.gov
www.state.oh.us
www.reuther.wayne.edu
cfhahn.freeyellow.com

[SAMWolf]

Today this great and colorful soldier is remembered in numerous place names throughout the United States and especially in Pennsylvania and the states formed from the Northwest Territory. In Pennsylvania alone, a county, nine townships, and the boroughs of Wayne, Waynesboro, and Waynesburg bear his name, and fifteen other states have Wayne Counties.


Treaty of Greenville Memorial

Wayne has to be one of the few famous people in American history known to have two graves.

Thirteen years after Wayne's death, his son, Isaac Wayne, decided to move his father's body to the family's burial plot at St. David's Church in Radnor, Pa.

Isaac Wayne drove over the mountains to Erie, Pa., in a one-horse sulky to claim his father's body. Young Wayne enlisted the help of Dr. J.G. Wallace, who had been with Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Wayne's body was remarkably preserved even after 13 years. There was little decay except in the lower portion of one leg.

The men decided it was impractical to reduce the body to small packages that would fit into the back of the sulky. With Isaac Wayne's permission, Wallace dissected the body and boiled the parts in a large iron kettle to render the flesh from the bones. Isaac Wayne took the cleaned skeleton back home in the sulky.

The rendered flesh and the knives used in the operation were replaced in the original coffin and reinterred in the old grave.

[SAMWolf]

Veterans for Constitution Restoration is a non-profit, non-partisan educational and grassroots activist organization. The primary area of concern to all VetsCoR members is that our national and local educational systems fall short in teaching students and all American citizens the history and underlying principles on which our Constitutional republic-based system of self-government was founded. VetsCoR members are also very concerned that the Federal government long ago over-stepped its limited authority as clearly specified in the United States Constitution, as well as the Founding Fathers' supporting letters, essays, and other public documents.

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Tribute to a Generation - The memorial will be dedicated on Saturday, May 29, 2004.

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Actively seeking volunteers to provide this valuable service to Veterans and their families.

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[snippy_about_it]

FALL IN to the FReeper Foxhole!



Good Saturday Morning Everyone

If you would like added to our ping list let us know.

[E.G.C.]

Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Freeper Foxhole. It's College Football Saturday. I hope everyone has a great day.

[Samwise]

Cheers, SAM!

Mad Anthony

[snippy_about_it]

Good morning EGC. Have a fun time watching the games.

[snippy_about_it]

LOL. Good morning Samwise.

[Samwise]

Morning, snippy! The hobbit lass studied Mad Anthony and Fort Wayne during Indiana history last year.

[The Mayor]

. . . you shine as lights in the world. —Philippians 2:15

A church helps the lost to find their way home when its light shines brightly.

[Soaring Feather]

Good morning everyone,

[snippy_about_it]

Hi Samwise. Since we are neighbors we have a lot of counties with the same names and named for the same people. You have a Wayne County named for Mad Anthony and so do we.

Brief History of Wayne Co. Ohio
The original Wayne County was established 15 August 1796. This county disappears from Ohio in 1803 when Ohio became a state and ultimately became Wayne County, Michigan.

The present day Wayne County was formed 13 February 1808 and named after Gen. "Mad Anthony" Wayne, who was an outstanding Indian fighter in Ohio.

[manna]

Present!

[Valin]

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on November 15:
1397 Nicholas V pope (1447-55); ended schism, founded Vatican Library
1708 William Pitt the Elder (Whig) UK PM (1756-61, 66-68) `Great Commoner'
1738 Sir William Herschel astronomer (discovered Uranus)
1815 John Banvard NYC, painted world's largest painting (3 mile canvas)
1862 Gerhart Hauptmann Germany, writer (Before Dawn-Nobel 1912)
1874 August Krogh Denmark, physiologist (Nobel-1920)
1879 Lewis Stone Worcester MA, actor (Prisoner of Zenda)
1881 Franklin P Adams Chicago IL, columnist (Information Please)
1882 Felix Frankfurter Vienna Austria, US supreme court justice (1939-62)
1886 Pedro Sanjuan San Sebastian, Spain, composer (Castilla)
1887 Georgia O'Keeffe Sun Prairie WI, painter (Cow's Skull)
1887 Marianne Moore St Louis, poet (Pulitzer-1951-Collected Poems)
1891 Erwin Rommel German field marshall (WW II-African campaign)
1891 W Averell Harriman US, (Gov-D-NY)/ambassador to USSR (1943-46)
1895 Ina Claire actress (Claudia, Ninotchka, Rebound)
1897 Sacheverell Sitwell English poet/writer (People's Palace)
1905 Mantovani Venice Italy, orchestra leader (Mantovani)
1907 Count Claus Schenck von Stauffenberg, German anti fascist colonel
1909 Don Large Canada, choral director (Wayne King)
1914 Jorge Bolet Havana Cuba, pianist (C'eurties Instituka)
1919 Carol Bruce Great Neck NY, actress (Lillian Carlson-WKRP)
1919 Joseph Albert Wapner La, judge (People's Court)
1922 Francesco Rosi Naples Italy, director (Lucky Luciano)
1925 Howard Baker (Sen-R-TN), presidential chief of staff
1929 Edward Asner Kansas City KS, actor, mindless moron (Mary Tyler Moore Show, Lou Grant)
1930 Whitman Mayo NYC, actor (Grady-Sanford & Son)
1931 John Kerr NYC, actor (South Pacific, Peyton Place, Pit & Pendulum)
1932 Petula Clark England, singer (Downtown, My Love)
1933 Barbara Carson Memphis TN, actress (Comedy Tonight, Carter Country)
1933 Jack Burns Boston MA, comedian (Burns & Schreiber)
1934 Joanna Barnes Boston, actress (Parent Trap, Spartacus, Goodbye Charlie)
1937 Yaphet Kotto NYC, actor (Brubaker, Alien, Raid on Entebbe)
1939 Erik Hansen Denmark, 1K kayak (Olympic-gold-1960)
1939 Thalmus Rasulala [Jack Crowder], Miami FL, actor (Blacula, Roots)
1940 Sam Waterston Cambridge MA, actor (Law & Order, Capricorn One, Heaven's Gate)
1942 Daniel Barenboim Buenos Aires Argentina, pianist/conductor
1945 Anni-Frid Lyngsdtad [Fryeda Anderson] Sweden, rocker (ABBA)
1946 Janet Lennon Culver City CA, singer (Lennon Sisters)
1954 Beverly D'Angelo Columbus Ohio, actress (Vacation, European Vacation)
1955 Oliver Conant NYC, actor (Summer of '42)
1956 Ashley Cox Dallas Texas, playmate (December, 1977)
1968 Brenda Alyce Bassett Kokomo Indiana, Miss Indiana-America (1991)
1968 James Brady Brooklyn NY, columnist (NY Post)
1970 Karin Von Breeschoteen Rotterdam Holland, Playmate (Sept, 1989)
1970 Mirjam Von Breeschoteen Rotterdam Holland, Playmate (Sept, 1989)
1977 Peter Mark Andrew Phillips 9th in sucession to British throne

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Deaths which occurred on November 15:
0565 Justitianus I, [Petrus Sabbatius], Byzantine emperor (527-65), dies
1280 Albertus Magnus German scholar, dies at 87
1630 Johann Kepler German astronomer, dies at 58
1897 John Mercer Langston dies at 67
1958 Tyrone Power actor, dies of a heart attack at 44
1963 Fritz Reiner conductor (Chicago Symphony Orchestra), dies at 74
1978 Margaret Mead anthropologist, dies in NY at 76
1983 John LeMesurier actor, dies at 71
1984 Baby Fae who received a baboon's heart, dies at California medical center
1996 Alger Hiss, former State Department official, spy, died in New York just four days after his 92nd birthday
1998 Kwame Ture, the civil rights activist formerly known as Stokely Carmichael, died in Guinea at age 57.

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Reported: MISSING in ACTION

1966 KEIPER JOHN C.---RENOVO PA.
1966 RAVENNA HARRY M. III---SAN ANTONIO TX.
1966 TIMMONS BRUCE ALLAN FORT LAUDERDALE FL.
[CRAFT OVERTURNED SUBJ DROWNED]
1968 BIRCHIM JAMES D.---INDEPENDENCE CA.
1969 GRAF JOHN G.---GLENDALE CA
[DIED ESCAPING 02/15/70]
1969 SUBER RANDOLPH B.---BALLWIN MO.
1969 WHITE ROBERT T.---ST CHARLES IL.
[04/01/73 RELEASED BY PRG, ALIVE IN 98]

POW / MIA Data & Bios supplied by
the P.O.W. NETWORK. Skidmore, MO. USA.

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On this day...
1315 Swiss soldiers ambush and slaughter invading Austrians in the battle of Morgarten.
1348 Rudolph of Oron claims Jews have confessed to poisoning wells
1492 Christopher Columbus notes 1st recorded reference to tobacco
1492 In Spain, 6 Jews & 5 Conversos are accused of using black magic
1533 The "explorer" Francisco Pizarro enters Cuzco, Peru
1626 The Pilgrim Fathers, who have settled in New Plymouth, buy out their London investors
1660 1st kosher butcher (Asser Levy) licensed in NYC (New Amsterdam)
1715 Barrier Treaty, Austria cedes area to the Netherlands
1763 Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon begin surveying Mason-Dixon Line between Pennsylvania & Maryland
1777 The Articles of Confederation, instituting perpetual union of the United States of America, are adopted by Congress
1791 1st Catholic college in US, Georgetown, opens
1806 1st US college magazine, Yale Literary Cabinet, publishes 1st issue
1806 Explorer Zebulon Pike sights Pikes Peak
1824 Series of fires kills 10 (Edinburgh Scotland)
1845 The opera "Maritana" is produced (London)
1849 1st US poultry show opens in Boston
1864 1st US mines school opens in basement of Columbia University, NY
1864 Sherman burns Atlanta
1869 Free postal delivery formally inaugurated
1881 American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded (Pittsburgh)
1884 Colonization of Africa organized at international conference in Berlin
1889 Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, deposed; republic proclaimed
1899 Morning Post reporter Winston Churchill & wife captured in Natal
1919 Senate 1st invokes cloture to end a filibuster (Versailles Treaty)
1920 Free City of Danzig established under League of Nations protection
1920 League of Nations holds 1st meeting, in Geneva
1921 KYW-AM in Philadelphia PA begins radio transmissions
1926 NBC on-air debut with a radio network of 24 stations
1932 Walt Disney Art School created
1935 Commonwealth of Phillipines inaugurated
1937 1st congressional session in air-conditioned chambers
1938 1st telecast of an unscheduled event (fire), W2XBT, NY
1939 Nazis begin mass murder of Warsaw Jews
1939 Social Security Administration approves 1st unemployment check
1940 1st 75,000 men called to armed forces duty during peacetime
1941 Cow Palace opens in San Francisco
1948 William Lyon Mackenzie King retires as PM of Canada
1949 KRON (Channel 4, San Francisco) signs on, from 7 to 10 PM
1950 1st Negro player in organized hockey-Arthur Dorrington signed
1954 1st regularly scheduled commercial flights over North Pole begins
1957 US sentences Soviet spy Rudolf Ivanovich Abel to 30 years & $3,000
1959 Richard Hickock & Perry Smith kill Clutters
1960 Elgin Baylor of NBA Los Angeles Lakers scores 71 points vs NY Knicks
1960 The first submarine with nuclear missiles, USS George Washington, takes to sea from Charleston, South Carolina.
1964 Mickey Wright shoots a 62, lowest golf score for a woman pro
1965 In the second day of combat, regiments of the 1st Cavalry Division battle on Landing Zones X-Ray against North Vietnamese forces in the Ia drang Valley
1965 Craig Breedlove sets land speed record (600.601 mph-966.57 kph)
1966 Gemini XII returns to Earth
1967 Michael Adams in X-15 reaches 80 km
1969 250,000 peacefully demonstrate in Wash DC against the Vietnam War
1969 Janis Joplin, accused of vulgar & indecent language in Tampa, FL
1972 Small Astronomy Satellite Explorer 48 launched to study gamma rays
1976 A Syrian "peace force" takes control of Beirut, Lebanon
1977 President Jimmy Carter welcomes Shah of Iran
1978 183 die as Icelandic Airlines DC-8 crashes in Colombo, Sri Lanka
1979 ABC-TV announces it would broadcast nightly specials on Iran hostage
1979 British government identifies Sir Anthony Blunt as 4th man in Soviet spy ring
1980 Pope John Paul II began 5 day visit to West Germany,
1982 Funeral services held in Moscow's Red Square for Leonid I Brezhnev
1983 75th hat trick in Islander history-Mike Bossy
1983 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus proclaimed
1987 28 of 82 aboard Continental Airlines DC-9 die in crash at Denver
1987 NY Giant Raul Allegre kicks 2, 50 or more yard field goals in a game
1988 91 m radio telescope dish at Green Bank, WV collapses
1988 PLO proclaims the State of Palestine, recognizes Israeli existence
1988 Soviet space shuttle makes unmanned maiden flight (2 orbits)
1989 "Batman" is released on video tape
1989 Walter Davis (Denver) begins NBA free throw streak of 53 games
1990 President Bush signs the Clear Air Act of 1990
1990 Producers confirm that Milli Vanilli didn't sing on their album
1990 US 68th manned space mission STS 38 (Atlantis 7) launches into orbit
1990 The "Keating Five"--Sens. Alan Cranston, D-Calif.; Dennis DeConcini, D-Ariz.; John Glenn, D-Ohio; John McCain, R-Ariz.; and Donald Riegle, D-Mich.--maintained their innocence at the opening of Senate hearings into charges of influence peddling on behalf of S&L kingpin Charles Keating.
1991 A federal appeals panel threw out former National Security Adviser John M. Poindexter's felony convictions in the Iran-Contra affair, saying his immunized testimony to Congress was improperly used against him.
1991 Ricky Pierce (Seattle) begins NBA free throw streak of 75 games
2000 Al Gore made a surprise proposal for a statewide hand recount of Florida's 6 million ballots - an idea immediately rejected by George W. Bush. Earlier, Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris had rejected requests from the counties to update presidential vote totals with the results of hand recounts under way at Gore's urging.

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Belgium : King's Day
Brazil : Republic Day (1889)
Japan : 7-5-3 Festival Day (parents give thanks for girls 7 and 3 and boys 5 and 3)
West Germany : Repentance Day (Wednesday)
US : American Enterprise Day
US : Doublespeak Day
US : Holidays Are Pickle Days (thru 12-31)
One Nation Under God Month

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Religious Observances
Christian : St Leopold
RC : Mem of St Albert the Great, bishop, confessor, doctor (opt)

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Religious History
1626 The original Mayflower "pilgrims" (Separatists), having lived in their American colony for six years, bought out their London investors for 1,800 pounds.
1760 Anglican hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'Our love to Him is the proof and measure of what we know of His love to us.'
1804 Anglican missionary to Persia, Henry Martyn wrote in his journal: 'Corruption always begins the day, but morning prayer never fails to set my mind in a right frame.'
1839 Scottish clergyman Robert Murray McCheyne wrote in a letter: 'I know well that when Christ is nearest, Satan also is busiest.'
1957 Patriarch Ignatius Yacoub III officially established the Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church in the U.S. and Canada. At the same time, Archbishop Mar Athanasius Yeshue Samuel, former Syrian Orthodox metropolitan of Jerusalem, was appointed primate of the new archdiocese, and soon after took up residence in Hackensack, New Jersey.

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.

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Thought for the day :
"Life can't be all bad when for ten dollars you can buy all the Beethoven sonatas and listen to them for ten years."

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Question of the day...
Is the Hokey Pokey really what it's all About???

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Murphys Law of the day...(Abbott's Admonitions)
If you have to ask, you're not entitled to know.
If you don't like the answer, you shouldn't have asked the question

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Todays piece of completely useless information...
In 1987, a 1,400-year-old lump of still-edible cheese was unearthed in Ireland.

[Valin]

Thanks for the photos

Michelle, I'm sorry to say there's still some folks out there that need killing.

[snippy_about_it]

Good morning Mayor.

[snippy_about_it]

Thank you Matthew. I'm afraid some folks have forgotten. We still have a lot of battles yet to go if we are ever to rid ourselves of the enemy.

[snippy_about_it]

Good morning manna.