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At Clark, my friend, Stephanie, and I were in the crowd that met the first group to come home. It was a truly wonderful experience. We met as many of the flights as we could, whenever we were not working.

The greeting party consisted of Admiral Gayler, the commander of all U.S. forces in the Pacific. The son of his predecessor in that position was one of the POWs and is now Senator John McCain from my state, Arizona. Also meeting the returning men were Roger Shields, President Nixon's top assistant for POW issues, and General Moore, the senior Air Force officer in theater.

Quoting Larry Chesley again:

There were perhaps a thousand people to greet us, and as we walked down the ramp one at a time, we heard them clapping, singing and cheering in welcome. I didn't start crying until after I had saluted and shaken hands with the admiral and the general who greeted us on the red carpet laid out for us.

Wayne Everingham continued the story of the man and the dog:

Our arrival in the Philippines was to be televised by satelite around the world. Fearing an international incident in bringing an undeclared animal into the Philippines without permission, I notified the aircraft commander. He arranged with ground personnel at Clark AB to meet the aircraft, out of sight, at the end of the runway. Landing to a full stop, we quickly open the door and dropped the dog onto a pick-up truck. As far as I know, the public only saw the aircraft land, hesitate at the end of the runway and then proceed back down the taxiway into position in front of Base Operations. Officials did let President Marcos know after the fact, and the next day's newspaper (Manila) explained that the dog was allowed to accompany the POW.

The C-141s came at all hours of the day and night, bringing our men home. Note here the bus which took the men to the Air Force hospital where they stayed for 3-5 days. These buses had become a very common sight at Clark throughout the war, bringing the wounded from the combat area to the base hospital. This was a much happier occasion!

Larry noted:

As we walked down the red carpet toward the waiting buses and heard the little children chanting, "Welcome home! Welcome home!" nearly everyone on my bus was crying again. The welcome at Clark was an extremely humbling and moving experience.

Also at many of the arrivals was Scott McLaughlin:

I was a fifteen year old dependent on the flight line along side that fence that led up to the tarmac and that red carpet awaiting our new "Heroes". I remember looking across the flight line and seeing Mt. Arayat. I'll always remember each manwalking off those planes as we all clapped, cheered, waved American flags, and sang songs. I also remember some of those men being carried off on litters as they saluted smartly to their greeting party. They were true patriots.

There were two Filippino POWs. President Marcos of the Philippines and his wife, Imelda, met the flight on which they came home. Elizabeth Badua-Smail continues the story:

My father, Candido C. Badua, and Arturo Balagot were working for Voice of America in Hue when they were captured.

Before Vietnam, my father worked for VOA in Baguio and Arturo at the VOA in La Union. They had just visited their families for Christmas vacation and went back to Vietnam on January 16. They're allowed to go home to the Philippines every 6 months. So my father said he was looking forward to coming home again, but little did he know it would last 5 years before he would see his family again. He was captured on Jan 31, 1968. Arturo was captured sometime in February '68. Both were released on March 5, 1973.

This picture has my father standing close to Mrs. Marcos looking to the side with my mother, my sister, brother and I. Between the Marcoses is one of the children of Arturo Balagot and to the right of the President is Mrs. Balagot and one of her sons.

Larry Chesley described the next phase:

At Clark hospital, doctors checked our general physical condition. I can't describe the ecstasy of that first shower . . . and . . .with a body which felt truly clean for the first time since 1966, putting on clean clothes. . . . we were all extrem ely keyed up; we didn't sleep for about three days, getting maybe an hour or so a night. Sleeping in a bed with a mattress and sheet was going to take a little getting used to. . .

Jeanne Worthington was a personnel officer at a fighter base in the States at the time. She was told to brief the families that the men would have to be on very controlled and limited diets at first, as they adjusted to the foods they had not had for so many years.

But that wasn't necessary, as Larry said:

What we lost in sleep, we certainly made up in food. It was good to eat with a knife and fork again. For our first meal in freedom, we had steak or chicken, corn on the cob, strawberry shortcake and ice cream, all in huge quantities. I was to ld that the 112 in our group ate forty gallons of ice cream that first night!

Scott McLaughlin remembers:

I worked as a Red Cross Volunteer at the base hospital at the time all these service men were returning home. I had opportunities to meet many of them while they got stronger. I remember wearing a POW bracelet for a long time, and having the pleasure of returning it to "my" soldier when he was at Clark. I delivered many cards, letters, cookies while at the hospital.

The men were found to be in better condition, generally, than had been expected. In addition to medical exams, food, and trips to the base exchange, they were able to talk with their families in the States. After their medical review, many of t he men visited children at the schools on base.

Mark Cash was a 10 year old student at the time and said although most of the students were too young to understand the significance of the event, they nonetheless were touched deeply by the experience. He gave one man a child's magazine and the man acted as though it was one of the most important things he had received.

There were of course several reporters at Clark covering this story, including Peter Jennings and Peter Arnett. But the military tried to keep them away from the returnees until all of the POWs were released. They didn't want to take a chance on jeopard izing anything, although then as now, the Press did not appreciate these restrictions. Bill Near,an Air Force communications technician at Clark who worked long hours in support of Homecoming, remembers that the press in effect took over the Silver Wings recreation center on base.

Bill Near,an Air Force communications technician at Clark who worked long hours in support of Homecoming, remembers that the press in effect took over the Silver Wings recreation center on base.

When the men left Clark a few days later, several of them addressed the crowds seeing them off. New uniforms could not disguise how thin the men were.

As they headed home, I like to imagine their joy and feelings of anticipation. But many of them spent a few minutes saying good by to the children and others who came to see them off. The flowers on the man here are a Thai tradition, not unlike a Hawaiian lei.

I think the emotion on the children's faces shows how all of us who were there felt.

Operation Homecoming was a wonderful experience. I'm so glad I was there. Thank you again to those who contributed to these pages. And a special thanks to those who have worked on the memorial Hanoi Taxi

First Into Hanoi, 12 Feb 1973
An Aeromedical Evacuation of POWs Mission

Primary Aeromedical Evacuation Crew Members:

Capt Linda Moore, Flight Nurse
Capt Patricia Mayer, Flight Nurse
1Lt Joyce Fester, Flight Nurse
MSgt William Horn, Med Tech
SSgt Terry Cole, Med Tech
SSgt William Rodgers, Med Tech

Additional Medical Crew Members:

LtCol Robert L'Ecuyer, Flight Surgeon
Maj Robert Williams, Flight Surgeon

Aircraft: C-141A, tail number 60177
(now a C-141B model based at the 445th Airlift Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)

Operation Homecoming started 12 Feb, 1973, with three C-141A aircraft heading to Hanoi, North Vietnam, and one C-9A aircraft to Saigon, South Vietnam. They all departed Clark Air Base, Philippines, early that morning, with the C-9A departing first. Later that day, the arrival of each aircraft was to be broadcasted live by satellite around the world (a telecast of this scale was a first ever).

All aircraft had an aeromedical team of two flight nurses and three aeromedical evacuation technicians with a couple of flight surgeons. The areomedical crew for the C-141 aircraft were composed primarily of 10th Aeromedical Evacuation Group (10th AEGp) personnel. Front end crews were from various bases of their aircraft. The C-9A aeromedical crews were from the 9th Aeromedical Evacuation Group (9th AEGp) based at Clark AB, Philippines. Their front end crews were from the 20th Aeromedical Operations Squadron and co-located with the 9th AEGp. The flight surgeons were from the Clark AB Hospital. Along with the medical and flight crews were two escorts for each POW and an AF News media team.

Each dedicated C-141A aircraft (all were 'A' models back then) was especially painted white and marked with a red cross on their tail to clearly mark its peaceful intention to all. All C-9A aircraft had those markings, already. Back then, aircraft 60177 was assigned to the 63rd Military Airlift Wing at Norton AFB, California.

The mission was for three C-141As to fly towards the North Vietnam border as a group, then enter North Vietnam, one at a time. While aircraft 60177 and its medical crew (above) flew into Hanoi to pick up our American POWs, the other two C-141s circled to distanced themselves by 30 minutes each. This was a precaution before preceeding across 'enemy territory' to minimize potential loss.

Aircraft 60177 and its crew, like the others, brought back 40 POWs. These POWs had been imprisoned the longest. During the early part of Operation Homecoming, groups of POWs released were selected on the basis of longest length of time in prison.

This first mission crew also brought back the first litter-carried POW patient. He was placed on a crudely made Vietnamese litter that gave very poor support. It had two very rigid support struts that went straight across from pole to pole, positioned directly under where a normal size person would place their neck and mid thighs. I'm told that this POW rode that litter for hours over rough roads the morning of his release, very much in discomfort. Even with the discomfort showing, the Vietcong would not allow time (nor the publicity) for the crew to transfer him onto an American made litter. The medical crew had to wait until he was placed onto the aircraft, well out of sight, before they could transfer him. The litter was brought back by the medical crew and is now part of the Air Force Museum at Wright-Patterson AFB.

Wayne Everingham, USAF Retired

Homecoming Remembered 30 Years Later

According to the Paris Agreements of January 27, 1973, all "captured military personnel and foreign civilians" of the signatory powers were to be returned to their respective homelands. To the Americans, this meant primarily the PoWs held in North Vietnam. They were to be released progressively, in line with U.S. troop withdrawals from the south: as soon as the last U.S. soldier left Vietnam, the last PoW would be set free.

Operation Homecoming brought back 600 POWs, including then Maj. R.E. "Gene" Smith, who was among the jubilant group repatriated in March 1973 and who went on to become an AFA president and board chairman. He had been a POW since 1967.

The Communists provided a list of 587 American citizens in their charge (a figure amended later to 591 as the Chinese agreed to release men held by them). Operation Homecoming began on February 12, 1973, when the first batch of PoWs was handed over. Hanoi soon fell behind schedule, however, and it was only after President Nixon had suspended U.S. troop withdrawals that the process continued smoothly, ending on March 29. Meanwhile, in Vietnam itself, Saigon officials released 26,508 NVA and VC prisoners, while the Communists repatriated about 5,000 South Vietnamese. Since 1973, there have been persistent rumors of U.S. prisoners still in Communist hands, as part of the total of 2,494 servicemen and civilians missing from the Vietnam War era.-- "Vietnam Decisive Battles," by John Pimlott (1990), pg. 178

"In the Vietnamese conflict, a major concern in negotiations between the United States and North Vietnam was the release of hundreds of American prisoners of war and the repatriation of both North and South Vietnamese prisoners. By 1971 the prospects of U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam depended largely on a solution of the prisoner-of-war problem, which had been employed as a bargaining point by North Vietnam. On February 12, 1973, after the signing of the cease-fire in January, the first contingent of 143 American military and civilian prisoners of war arrived in the Philippines. During the following weeks, 444 prisoners were released. Two decades later, more than 2000 U.S. soldiers remained unaccounted for and are listed as missing in action." - Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2002. © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Additional Sources:

www.aeromedevac.org
members.aol.com/bear317/nwvets.htm
www.wpafb.af.mil
www.sandiego-online.com
www.flughafengallery.com

Air Power
Lockheed C-141 Starlifter

The Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin) C-141 was the first jet aircraft designed to meet military standards as a troop and cargo carrier. It was also the first military aircraft to be developed with a requirement for FAA type certification in the contract. The Starlifter is the workhorse of the Air Mobility Command. It fulfills a vast spectrum of airlift requirements through its ability to airlift combat forces over long distances, place those forces and their equipment either by conventional landings or airdrops, resupply employed forces, and extract the sick and wounded from a hostile area.

President John F. Kennedy's first official act after his inauguration was to order the development of an all-jet transport to extend the reach of the nation's military forces. Lockheed's C-141 StarLifter was the result. The C-141 Starlifter was the workhorse of the Air Mobility Command during the Cold War. The Starlifter fulfilled the vast spectrum of airlift requirements through its ability to airlift combat forces over long distances, inject those forces and their equipment either by airland or airdrop, re-supply employed forces, and extract the sick and wounded from the hostile area to advanced medical facilities.

The current C-141B is a stretched version of the original C-141A with in-flight refueling capability. The C-141B is about 23 ft longer than the C-141A, with cargo capacity increased by about one-third. The C-141 force, nearing seven million flying hours, has a proven reliability and long-range capability.

To slow aircraft aging of the active duty fleet, 56 PAI aircraft were transferred to the UE Guard and Reserve as of FY95. Additionally, the process of retiring high flight hour equivalent aircraft will culminate with the retirement of the entire AMC active duty fleet by FY03. The Air Force plans to retire Unit Equipped (UE) ARC C-141C aircraft by FY06. There were a total of 99 C-141s in service worldwide as of the end of 2001. The Air Force did not used the C-141 in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, relying instead on the newer and larger C-17.

Specifications:
Primary Function: Long-range troop and cargo airlift.
Contractor: Lockheed-Georgia Co.
Unit Cost: $8.1 million (1992 dollars).
Crew: Six (pilot, co-pilot, two loadmasters, and two flight engineers).
Total Fuel Capacity: 23,592 US gal
Power Plant: Four Pratt & Whitney TF33-P-7 turbofan engines.
Thrust: 20,250 pounds (9,112.5 kilograms), each engine.
Date Deployed: C-141A: May 1964; C-141B: December 1979.
Inventory 2001: 99 total
1998: Active force, 241; ANG, 16; Reserve, 12.

Dimensions:
Length: 168 feet, 4 inches (51 meters).
Height: 39 feet, 3 inches (11.9 meters).
Wingspan: 160 feet (48.5 meters).
Operating Weight: 144,492 lb
Max Takeoff Weight: 2.25g 343,000 lb
Max Payload: 2.25g 94,508 lb

Performance:
Speed: 500 mph (Mach 0.66).
Design Cruise Speed: 489 kt
Long Range Cruise Speed: 465 kt
Max Rate of Climb (MGW): 2,700 fpm
Ceiling: 41,000 feet (12,424 meters).
Max Payload Range: 2,500 miles (2,174 nautical miles).
Ferry Range: 5,550 NM
Takeoff Distance (MGW): 6,800 ft
Landing Distance (DLW): 3,750 ft