Well-calibrated??? How do you calibrate tree ring data which tells you more about the length of the growing season than the tempreture?
However, recent modeling studies show that increased solar irradiance does not warm Earth's surface at all locations, the research team wrote.
The is just great scientific work. Use your computer models to prove your theory. Of course your models assume your theory is correct. Computers just tell you what you told them to tell you, which isn't proof of anything.
Uh, the calibration is inherent in the ring patterns themselves. Individual rings may be wider or narrower due to variations in climate, but there is always "one set of rings per year". Measurement of the stable isotope ratios of oxygen (I believe oxygen 16 vs. oxygen 18 are the ones used) within any given ring tell you the average temperature over that ring/year.
Do a web search on "dendrochronology" to learn more.
Exactly. Tree rings are very dependent on rainfall. Also most climatologist believe volcanic eruptions lead to global cooling.
The problem is that politics (and maybe grant money(?)) has been such a major motivator in this argument that it is impossible to distinguish fact from propaganda.