He now believes that apple seeds were carried out of the forest to the West around 7,000 years ago by domesticated horses from the region that fed on the fruit.What, were they constipated? Obviously if this did in fact take place, the movement of the apple was due to the movement of humans. Mr. Juniper was either misquoted or is a numbskull.
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In the language of Kazakhstan, the city Almaty (formerly Alma-ata) means 'the father of apples', and the region in the south produces some of the best apples I've ever tried. One variety is called 'aport' and puts those sawdust lumps that they sell in US grocery stores to shame.
Not at all! that's where we get the phrase, "horse apples!"
In recent times, though most people mistakenly use the phrase for the byproduct of horses, those who knew better have made use of the natural technique artificially, making 'seed balls' for reforestation projects.
Another consideration is that apples roll down hill (just like this thread will, most likely) and also wash downstream efficiently.
In the last hundred years, the apples from the orchards on our property have travelled proliffically (birds undoubltedly helped, too) several miles, and to a lesser extent much further, along the streambeds on down to the Cheyenne River, and probably continued on along it. Heck, our trees may have offspring all the way to the Missouri by now. Give them another 6,900 years....
"Experts have been able to track the apple's progress across the continent as the animals shed the seeds in their dung before the fruit eventually arrived in Britain in about 2000BC."
actually this gives 3000 years for the apple to slowly be moved via feces/growth/consumption/feces cycle, which might be enough?