It's a particular problem in Cosmology where vast all encompassing theories are based on almost nothing.
We barely know anything about the Sun, the closest and easiest to study star. And yet we're sure we know how stars are born, evolve and die......yeah, right ";^)
Contracting universe. Expanding universe. What’s the difference? /s
And, those all encompassing theories are made from a single point of observation in the universe. It has been a point of amusement for me for over 30 years with these Astrophysicists who make incredibly bold claims, only to discount those bold claims a few years later as some other spec of evidence emerges from a more precise measurement and it proves the first theory wrong.....