Posted on 01/19/2024 8:42:39 PM PST by Red Badger
Tattoos have been around for millennia. People got them at least five thousand years ago. Today they’re common everywhere from Maori communities in New Zealand to office parks in Ohio. But in the ancient Middle East, the writers of the Hebrew Bible forbade tattooing. Per Leviticus 19:28, “You shall not make gashes in your flesh for the dead, or incise any marks on yourselves.”
Historically, scholars have often understood this as a warning against pagan practices of mourning. But language scholar John Huehnergard and ancient-Israel expert Harold Liebowitz argue that tattooing was understood differently in ancient times.
Huehnergard and Liebowitz note that the appearance of the ban on incisions—or tattoos—comes right after words clearly related to mourning, perhaps confirming the original theory. And yet, looking at what’s known about death rituals in ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, Israel, and Egypt, they find no references to marking the skin as a sign of mourning. They also note that there are other examples in Leviticus and Exodus where two halves of a verse address different issues. So that could be the case here, too.
What tattoos were apparently often used for in ancient Mesopotamia was marking enslaved people (and, in Egypt, as decorations for women of all social classes). Egyptian captives were branded with the name of a god, marking them as belongings of the priests or pharaoh. But devotees might also be branded with the name of the god they worshiped.
Huehnergard and Liebowitz suggest that, given the key role of the escape from Egyptian bondage in ancient Jewish law, the Torah originally banned tattooing because it was “the symbol of servitude.” Interestingly, though, they write that there’s one other apparent reference to tattooing in the Hebrew Bible. Isaiah 44:5 describes the children of Jacob committing themselves to God: “One shall say, ‘I am the LORD’s’… Another shall mark his arm ‘of the LORD.’” Here a tattoo appears to be allowable as a sign of submission, not to a human master but to God.
Ancient rabbinic debates produced a variety of different theories about the meaning of the prohibition on tattooing. Some authorities believed that tattoos were only disallowed if they had certain messages, such as the name of God, the phrase “I am the Lord,” or the name of a pagan deity. Talmudic law developed around 200 CE says that a tattoo is only disallowed if it is done “for the purpose of idolatry”—but not if it’s intended to mark a person’s enslaved status.
The meaning of the prohibition on tattooing may have shifted over time, of course. But in ancient times, it might never have been about mourning practices at all.
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The Biblical Prohibition Against Tattooing By: John Huehnergard and Harold Liebowitz Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 63, Fasc. 1 (2013), pp. 59-77 Brill
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https://www.jstor.org/stable/23496450?mag=why-does-the-bible-forbid-tattoos
Some Muslim sects self-flagellate during certain 'holy days'.................
but circumcision appears to be allowable as a sign of submission, not to a human master but to God.
I like the tats that are in Chinese. I am pretty certain I now know how to write “I am an idiot” in Mandarin.
YIKES! I think I paid 8 bucks for a Paratrooper tattoo in Fayetteville back in the day, sounds like it would be out of my price range today.
The Marine Corps has a history of tattoos as long as they were Marine Corps tattoos. We had generals get tattoos in the late 19th century when they were young. I thought about getting a tattoo for seven years before I go mine. I got the standard “USMC,” pre-WWII, on my left shoulder. I have never regretted getting mine. After I got mine, I was surprised at how many field grade officers showed me their USMC tattoos.
The Who - Tattoo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k_BvUecgYE
Right, ear rings too.
Maybe you wouldn’t know a high class woman if you saw one.
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