Explosive volcanism on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean
Roughly 60% of the Earth's outer surface is composed of oceanic crust formed by volcanic processes at mid-ocean ridges. Although only a small fraction of this vast volcanic terrain has been visually surveyed or sampled, the available evidence suggests that explosive eruptions are rare on mid-ocean ridges, particularly at depths below the critical point for seawater (3,000 m)1. A pyroclastic deposit has never been observed on the sea floor below 3,000 m, presumably because the volatile content of mid-ocean-ridge basalts is generally too low to produce the gas fractions required for fragmenting a magma at such high hydrostatic pressure. We employed new deep submergence technologies during an International Polar Year expedition to the Gakkel ridge in the Arctic Basin at 85° E, to acquire photographic and video images of 'zero-age' volcanic terrain on this remote, ice-covered ridge. Here we present images revealing that the axial valley at 4,000 m water depth is blanketed with unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits, including bubble wall fragments (limu o Pele)2, covering a large (>10 km2) area. At least 13.5 wt% CO2 is necessary to fragment magma at these depths3, which is about tenfold the highest values previously measured in a mid-ocean-ridge basalt4. These observations raise important questions about the accumulation and discharge of magmatic volatiles at ultraslow spreading rates on the Gakkel ridge5 and demonstrate that large-scale pyroclastic activity is possible along even the deepest portions of the global mid-ocean ridge volcanic system.
You can access linked abstracts of references from that link.
I am going to get flamed for this sarcastic comment..... but here it goes....
It is all global warmings fault isn’t.... :)
I saw some pretty incredible footage on one of the “educational” channels a number of years ago of a volcano erupting under the ocean. After seeing that, it was a lot easier from me to understand things like El Nino and what the jugheads call “global warming.” I may be wrong but that molten lava spewing out into the ocean like that has to do something to the temperature of the water. Imagine what it would do to the ice above it.
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...For one thing, explosive volcanism like this involving the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide may not be so rare. “Our community is going to embrace this pretty quickly as a research topic,” he said...
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The velocity of the embrace is proportional to how well it agrees with the Current Wisdom.
Arsenic risk high in Sumatra, Myanmar, Cambodia: study (ground water contamination)
Human embryonic stem cells developed from 4-cell embryo; world first may lessen ethical concerns
FReepmail me if you want on or off my health and science ping list.
The shocking thing about this article is that it is in the NY Times. One would expect that liberal rag to bury any reporting explaining the true cause of the Arctic ice melting.
But what about the Gorwellian Concensus on CO2?
The carbon budget changed,
Human contribution to co2 increased levels are now substantially reduced with this finding.
Time to DRILL DRILL DRILL!
thanks neverdem for both:
Arsenic risk high in Sumatra, Myanmar, Cambodia: study
(ground water contamination)
AFP | 07/11/08
Posted on 07/12/2008 12:14:22 AM PDT by TigerLikesRooster
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2044328/posts