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Interesting article on shuttle meteorite damage.
National Academies Press ^ | 1997 | NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS

Posted on 02/09/2003 12:45:30 AM PST by Arthalion

After reading some of the skeptical responses to NASA's push towards a "space junk" explanation for the Columbia loss, I did a little searching on the web. You see, I recalled a story from several years back explaining how we almost lost a shuttle once before when a tiny speck of space debris pegged one of the shuttles windows and blew out a good sized chunk of glass.

In my search for background material to support a post about this, I stumbled across something MUCH better: a National Research Council findings document about the dangers of space junk compiled in 1997. Some of the more interesting tidbits:

By 1995, the number of reported window impacts had increased dramatically, and the debris hazard had forced planners to modify plans for shuttle mission STS-73. In September 1995, the space shuttle program manager established a Space Shuttle Meteoroid and Debris Damage Team to review the environment modeling and orbiter modeling, to assess the potential for damage from meteoroids and orbital debris, and to "recommend concepts and methods to reduce risk to critical orbiter areas" (Holloway, 1995).

...

In 1995 and 1996, significant impacts occurred on the orbiter's payload bay door and rudder speed brake, as well as on the tethered satellite pallet....[shuttle program manager] further stated that "mission planning and design should be implemented with the objective of not exceeding a probability of critical penetration of 1/200...

...

The allowable risk of 1/200 means that the hazard from meteoroids and orbital debris is, on some missions, the single greatest threat to the shuttle and crew, slightly larger than the hazard from ascent...

...

The shuttle orbiter has been struck many times by small meteoroids and orbital debris, but it has not yet been damaged severely. Because it was not designed with the meteoroid and orbital debris hazard in mind, however, some orbiter components are at risk of being damaged by meteoroids or debris. This damage can range from damage that does not affect a mission but increases refurbishment costs (such as pitting of window surfaces) to damage that could force the crew to abort a mission (such as penetration of a radiator pipe) to damage that would prevent the orbiter from successfully returning to Earth (such as a large hole in the leading edge of a wing) to damage that would rapidly result in the loss of life or the vehicle (such as a collision with a large fragment from the breakup of a spacecraft). Astronauts conducting extravehicular activities are also at risk from meteoroids and orbital debris.


http://www.nap.edu/html/shuttle/


TOPICS: Miscellaneous; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: columbia; metoeorite; shuttle
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Some people don't seem to be taking the possibility that a debris impact brought the shuttle down seriously. With the shuttle orbiting at 17,000+ MPH, a collision with DUST could do major damage. A loose bolt intersecting the Columbia at orbital speeds could have had an impact velocity of up to 35,000 miles an hour. At that speed, a half-inch bolt head would pass through the shuttle like a bullet through paper. The resulting hole, while small, would be large enough to allow the heat of re-entry to penetrate the inner structure of the wing, which would result in heating and warping of the wing...leading to additional tile loss and eventual failure of the structure.

Collision damage IS a viable theory!
1 posted on 02/09/2003 12:45:30 AM PST by Arthalion
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To: Arthalion
Very viable.
2 posted on 02/09/2003 12:57:54 AM PST by noutopia
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To: Arthalion
At seven times the speed of sound a speck of dust does damage.
3 posted on 02/09/2003 1:31:31 AM PST by noutopia
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To: Arthalion
Those of us old enough to remember sputnik remember one or two satellites orbiting the earth. At the present there are hundreds. It's getting crowded up there.
4 posted on 02/09/2003 1:36:20 AM PST by RLK
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To: RLK
Think about all the tons of debri that we and the others have left in orbit.In orbit a B-B could take out a spacecraft.
5 posted on 02/09/2003 1:54:40 AM PST by noutopia
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To: Arthalion
"A loose bolt intersecting the Columbia at orbital speeds could have had an impact velocity of up to 35,000 miles an hour. "

Not quite true. In order for the closing velocity to be this high, the bolt would have to be orbiting in a retrograde fashion- hard to imagine, since launches are done to the East to take advantage of the rotational speed of the Earth. Of course, this does not apply to meteors, which could approach from any direction (except for the portion of the orbital shell protected by the Earth itself...)

6 posted on 02/09/2003 2:03:23 AM PST by RANGERAIRBORNE
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To: Arthalion
"Collision damage IS a viable theory!"

Perhaps- but it is also a very CONVENIENT theory for NASA, isn't it? Pretty much would get them off the hook.

I expect to see a public disagreement between NASA engineers and NASA management over this accident. Of course, the press will "spin" it the way management wants- because they have the flacks and control the money.

7 posted on 02/09/2003 2:08:30 AM PST by RANGERAIRBORNE
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To: RANGERAIRBORNE
Do meteoroids themselves ever get captured into orbits around the earth.
8 posted on 02/09/2003 2:10:55 AM PST by HiTech RedNeck (more dangerous than an OrangeNeck)
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To: HiTech RedNeck
I am not an expert on celestial mechanics- but my rudimentary knowledge suggests that certainly, some small number of meteoroids must be captured into orbit around the earth (as around any other massive body), depending on their velocity, angle of incidence, mass, etc. At a guess, I would say that this would be fairly rare- perhaps some small fraction of 1% of bodies approaching the Earth might be captured into some sort of orbit- mostly very highly elliptical ones.
9 posted on 02/09/2003 2:36:01 AM PST by RANGERAIRBORNE
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To: Arthalion
Absolutely a viable theory. That's why they took pains to provide the means for inspection of the vehicle before re-entry, and had a plan in-place for just such an event. (sarc)
10 posted on 02/09/2003 5:27:21 AM PST by dasboot
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To: Arthalion
bump for later
11 posted on 02/09/2003 6:20:53 AM PST by Clara Lou
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To: Arthalion
A 2-lb. piece of insulation falling off of the main tank at 1900 MPH and directly striking the very wing that failed during re-entry is not a viable theory, but a micro-meteorites and cosmic dust are viable theories. That's rich.

Now that NASA is out of the shuttle business for the next couple of years, I see that they've created a new mission: covering management's asses.

12 posted on 02/09/2003 11:25:43 AM PST by Excuse_My_Bellicosity
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To: RANGERAIRBORNE
Of course they'll spin it. The media told us that defective O-rings brought down Challenger. They never said a thing about the gross mismanagement that was the real cause. Almost nothing was said about it until years after the accident. (The O-rings were pushed beyond their design temperature limits when they failed.) There were NASA engineers that were jumping up and down and screaming at management to stop the launch because of booster O-ring temperature concerns. Management overrode them, and KABOOM!!
13 posted on 02/09/2003 11:41:15 AM PST by Excuse_My_Bellicosity
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To: HiTech RedNeck
Do meteoroids themselves ever get captured into orbits around the earth(?).

Hey there,HiTech . . . I'm not doin' anything special next Wednesday . . . so wuddaya say we zip upstairs and capture a few itty-bitty meteoroids . . . ya know, kinda sorta just so's we can also capture some nifty FReeper Braggin' Rights ???

.

14 posted on 02/09/2003 12:12:17 PM PST by GeekDejure
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To: Arthalion
The shuttle orbiter has been struck many times by small meteoroids and orbital debris, but it has not yet been damaged severely.Because it was not designed with the meteoroid and orbital debris hazard in mind, however, some orbiter components are at risk of being damaged by meteoroids or debris.

Alright, here is the main problem.
The flying camel was not designed with running into space junk in mind.
Stop the presses. We're going to send the camel around space at 17,000+ MPH. but we are going to make it out of styrofoam.
Dittemore and company didn't design this POS, they are just charged with flying a disaster waiting to happen.
Sh!t happens, if they keep flying this POS, it will happen again.
Ground them and design something mission specific, not a flying camel!

15 posted on 02/09/2003 12:42:23 PM PST by dtel (Texas Longhorn cattle for sale at all times. We don't rent pigs)
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To: Excuse_My_Bellicosity
"...I see that they've created a new mission: covering management's asses."

What makes you think that is a NEW mission? That has been their primary mission since CHALLENGER blew up. And the press goes along, printing self-serving NASA press releases as though they were real news stories.

By the way, try to dig through the dense fog of obfuscation and downright lies that NASA spreads over the country like a blanket, and find out what the REAL, TOTAL cost of a space shuttle is. Don't neglect maintenance and launch costs. Is what we get from the manned space program worth it? I'm not sure anymore.

16 posted on 02/09/2003 2:59:37 PM PST by RANGERAIRBORNE
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To: dtel
The only thing the STS, aka, the Flying Camel was designed for;
is hauling one white, one black, one hispanic, one jew, one indian, et al. If a couple of these can be female and/or gay, so much the better.
This was an experiment in PCism at its finest.
Do it right or just kill the NASA program, period.
17 posted on 02/09/2003 3:01:07 PM PST by dtel (Texas Longhorn cattle for sale at all times. We don't rent pigs)
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To: dtel
Wow! I think I 've found someone even more cynical than I am- what are the odds????

Seriously, I have never seen a convincing argument that the useful things the STS does could not be handled by unmanned (and MUCH cheaper) rockets. The ONLY reason there are people on these things is for the media exposure, and the fund-raising clout that goes along with that in Congress.

I know that someone will bring up the repair of the Hubble- but it would undoubtedly have been cheaper to send up a new one than to spend what we have on the Shuttle program.

And the Space Station is a very questionable endeavor, as well. Has NASA stopped to think that if they manage to convince us that low Earth orbit is so full of "space junk" that it is unsafe for a Shuttle for a few days, they are making the argument as well that the ISS is doomed???

18 posted on 02/09/2003 3:20:57 PM PST by RANGERAIRBORNE
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To: RANGERAIRBORNE
Cynical?
Or realistic?
The program is just a 'snapshot' of society in general.
We no longer strive to be the BEST, and do what is right, we strive to GET BY.
One need not look at the financial picture to know we are in for rough times, but only examine the nature of the people running the show.
History is gonna laugh their arse off at us.
19 posted on 02/09/2003 4:17:44 PM PST by dtel (Texas Longhorn cattle for sale at all times. We don't rent pigs)
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To: RANGERAIRBORNE
Since NORAD Space surveillance Center SSC maps and tracks this stuff would they not know if a piece of debris hit the space shuttle? I would find it amazing that NORAD did not track the shuttle re-entry. NORAD should be able to clear this up quiet quickly by looking at their own data of what was floating around the shuttle when it was re-entering earth orbit. If anything did hit the Columbia would they not have seen it?
20 posted on 02/09/2003 5:11:58 PM PST by Captain Beyond (The Hammer of the gods! (Just a cool line from a Led Zep song))
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