Hey! The galaxy grew again!
This is verrry interesting in that it is the polar opposite of the article which formed the basis for the now pulled thread “Solar System Formation.” That base article is here: http://xxx.lanl.gov/PS_cache/astro-ph/pdf/0207/0207536.pdf
In that article, the scientists create an improbable scenario for planet formation which must begin with a large surface area of one kilometer. That would mean fewer planets ought to be expected, fewer still of our type. On the pulled thread I asked whether dark energy should have been considered. I pose the question again here.
I believe dark energy ought to be relevant to planet formation in that negative gravity would create acceleration in every direction, causing additional pressure on particles in the intervening space to bind. It seems to me this additional pressure would be actualized as heat in the particles, thus providing for binding of particles smaller than a kilometer.
If dark energy is negative gravity, then it would not exist in the presence of positive gravity and thus could not be measured in local space laboratory experiments. It would have to be inferred from deep space observations, like we infer black holes from other evidence.
My deduction is based on the "duality" between gravity and space/time. Positive gravity should be visualized as an indentation of space/time causing approaching objects to orbit and spin downwards into the indentation. And conversely, objects within the indentation much achieve an escape velocity to get outside the horizon of its space/time geometric effect.
Therefore, if dark energy is negative gravity the reverse would be true. It would be an outdent of space/time causing objects in its horizon to be repelled - or accelerated. Like the positive gravity indentation, the outdent would create acceleration in every direction.
The implication of this thought experiment is that negative gravity, like positive gravity, would be be very small compared to the other fields (electromagnetic, strong and weak atomic) --- but would accumulate over distance.
Consequently, I would expect planetary formulation in environments which would not begin with one kilometer sized planetisimals to infer the existence and effect of intervening dark energy. Dark energy accounts for 73% of the mass of the universe.
It could be that close to 100 per cent of stars have planets."Given that there are about 400 billion stars in our Galaxy alone, it means there could be up to 400 billion stars with planets," he says.
"With about 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe, our result suggests that there are at least 10 trillion planetary systems in the Universe."
Wow! Thanks for the pings.