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Where in the New Testament are "priests" mentioned? [Ecumenical]
Catholic.com ^ | Catholic Answers Staff

Posted on 05/22/2014 8:23:50 AM PDT by Salvation

Where in the New Testament are "priests" mentioned?

 

Full Question

The New Testament mentions three categories of Church leaders: bishops, presbyters, and deacons. So how can the Catholic Church justify its office of "priest"? The New Testament writers seem to understand "bishop" and "presbyter" to be synonymous terms for the same office (Acts 20:17-38).

 

Answer

The English word "priest" is derived from the Greek word presbuteros, which is commonly rendered into Bible English as "elder" or "presbyter." The ministry of Catholic priests is that of the presbyters mentioned in the New Testament (Acts 15:6, 23). The Bible says little about the duties of presbyters, but it does reveal they functioned in a priestly capacity.

They were ordained by the laying on of hands (1 Tm 4:14, 5:22), they preached and taught the flock (1 Tm 5:17), and they administered sacraments (Jas 5:13-15). These are the essential functions of the priestly office, so wherever the various forms of presbuteros appear--except, of course, in instances which pertain to the Jewish elders (Mt 21:23, Acts 4:23)--the word may rightly be translated as "priest" instead of "elder" or "presbyter."

Episcopos arises from two words, epi (over) and skopeo (to see), and it means literally "an overseer": We translate it as "bishop." The King James Version renders the office of overseer, episkopen, as "bishopric" (Acts 1:20). The role of the episcopos is not clearly defined in the New Testament, but by the beginning of the second century it had obtained a fixed meaning. There is early evidence of this refinement in ecclesiastical nomenclature in the writings of Ignatius of Antioch (d. A.D. 107), who wrote at length of the authority of bishops as distinct from presbyters and deacons (Epistle to the Magnesians 6:1, 13:1-2; Epistle to the Trallians 2:1-3; Epistle to the Smyrnaeans 8:1-2).

The New Testament tendency to use episcopos and presbuteros interchangeably is similar to the contemporary ... use of the term "minister" to denote various offices, both ordained and unordained (senior minister, music minister, youth minister). Similarly, the term diakonos is rendered both as "deacon" and as "minister" in the Bible, yet in Protestant churches the office of deacon is clearly distinguished from and subordinate to the office of minister.

In Acts 20:17-38 the same men are called presbyteroi (v. 17) and episcopoi (v. 28). Presbuteroi is used in a technical sense to identify their office of ordained leadership. Episcopoi is used in a non-technical sense to describe the type of ministry they exercised. This is how the Revised Standard Version renders the verses: "And from Miletus he [Paul] . . . called for the elders [presbuteroi] of the church. And when they came to him, he said to them . . . 'Take heed to yourselves and all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made you guardians [episcopoi], to feed the church of the Lord.'"

In other passages it's clear that although men called presbuteroi ruled over individual congregations (parishes), the apostles ordained certain men, giving them authority over multiple congregations (dioceses), each with its own presbyters. These were endowed with the power to ordain additional presbyters as needed to shepherd the flock and carry on the work of the gospel. Titus and Timothy were two of those early episcopoi and clearly were above the office of presbuteros. They had the authority to select, ordain, and govern other presbyters, as is evidenced by Paul's instructions: "This is why I left you in Crete . . . that you might appoint elders in every town as I directed you" (Ti 1:5; cf. 1 Tm 5:17-22).


Answered by: Catholic Answers Staff



TOPICS: Apologetics; Catholic; History; Theology
KEYWORDS: brokencaucus; catholic; presbyters; priests
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To: Salvation
There is a seperate Greek word for priest (ἱερεύς) ... it is used extensively in the gospels (not surprising) and extensively in Hebrews (which basically shows how the old covenant ... which had priests ... is inferior to the new covenant).

its never used as an office of the NT church ...

The word doesnt't even appear in the Pauline epistles, where the qualifications for elders and deacons reside.

Are you sure your aren't employing YOPIOS?

41 posted on 05/22/2014 11:28:38 AM PDT by dartuser
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To: vladimir998

There have always been married priests in the Church.

btw... Christ is the Bridegroom and the Church is His Bride.


42 posted on 05/22/2014 11:34:04 AM PDT by ThomasMore (Islam is the Whore of Babylon!)
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To: Trapped Behind Enemy Lines

“4) Mandatory clerical celibacy was put into force by the Church to fight rampant corruption, primarily nepotism and simony”

The ironic thing is, and sad to say, that this did not stop corruption nor nepotism nor simony. Review 1200-1500


43 posted on 05/22/2014 11:38:57 AM PDT by ThomasMore (Islam is the Whore of Babylon!)
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To: dartuser
There is a seperate Greek word for priest (ἱερεύς)

It's too bad English doesn't have a word which means exclusively "hieraeus," as distinct from "presbuteros," but it doesn't. The original derivation and application of the word "priest" in English was to Christian presbyters.

And the Old Covenant is inferior to the New because its sacrifice and priesthood were only an image of the New covenant's sacrifice and priesthood, both of which flow through Christ.

44 posted on 05/22/2014 12:25:38 PM PDT by Campion
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To: holden

1 Pt 2:9 is paraphasing Ex 19:6, which didn’t seem to prohibit a distinct, ordained priesthood in Judaism.


45 posted on 05/22/2014 12:26:24 PM PDT by Campion
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To: Salvation

Thanks for the flag.

Prayers for all of our priests.


46 posted on 05/22/2014 12:27:08 PM PDT by Bigg Red (1 Pt 1: As he who called you is holy, be holy yourselves in every aspect of your conduct.)
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To: dartuser

Yes, the Septuagint uses that priestly root word to refer to Melchizedek in Genesis 14:18, as “priest of the God Most High”.

Nice precedent for understanding 1 Peter 2, I’d say!

HF


47 posted on 05/22/2014 12:33:50 PM PDT by holden
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To: holden; trad_anglican

I do have an agenda of faithful adherence to the Bible, yes. None other.

***
And you have every right to such.

Get back to us when some Catholic shows up at your church and tries to tell you how to worship God or what your “adherence to the Bible” should look like. Pretty sure nobody here has done that.


48 posted on 05/22/2014 12:39:02 PM PDT by Bigg Red (1 Pt 1: As he who called you is holy, be holy yourselves in every aspect of your conduct.)
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To: holden
Your post was removed because the thread was labeled "Catholic Caucus" meaning that only currently active Catholics may post on the thread. Later, it was discovered that the article mentioned Protestantism and therefore would not qualify for a caucus. Therefore the label was changed to "ecumenical" and your post was restored.

Click on my profile page for more on the Religion Forum guidelines.

49 posted on 05/22/2014 12:44:16 PM PDT by Religion Moderator
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To: Religion Moderator

Thank you for your explanation and action.
HF


50 posted on 05/22/2014 1:21:29 PM PDT by holden
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To: Campion
It's too bad English doesn't have a word which means exclusively "hieraeus,"

Translators of the NASB seem to think that hieraeus should be translated priest ... and presbuteros should be translated elder ...

Ill go with them ...

51 posted on 05/22/2014 1:25:15 PM PDT by dartuser
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To: Campion
Not only did the usage in Exodus exclude any pejorative sense in the reference to the Melchizedek order of priesthood, but the Hebrews 5:6 reference to Jesus being of that order shows that calling of priesthood to be the loftiest state of the term.

HF

52 posted on 05/22/2014 2:42:16 PM PDT by holden
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To: NKP_Vet
This thread is for Catholics, so unless you’re a Catholic, you need to leave the thread. It would be greatly appreciated.

Looks like it says ecumenical to me.
53 posted on 05/22/2014 3:01:08 PM PDT by Old Yeller (Anything is possible, if you don't know what you're talking about.)
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To: holden

Your argument is that that ONE passage in 1 Peter means that all those OTHER passages of the New Testament don’t exist.

That’s interesting.


54 posted on 05/22/2014 4:09:49 PM PDT by Arthur McGowan
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To: Trapped Behind Enemy Lines

**There are ALREADY married men serving as priests in the Catholic Church and they are just as holy as the single celibate priests.**

But they were grandfathered in because they converted from other non-Catholic sects.

Celibacy is still the rule. If these convert married priest’s wife dies, then they are to remain celibate. They cannot remarry.


55 posted on 05/22/2014 4:15:18 PM PDT by Salvation ("With God all things are possible." Matthew 19:26)
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To: Salvation

Neither may a deacon remarry—although dispensations are given when there are young children who would benefit from having a step-mother.

Incidentally, Dr. Edward Peters has written a number of times about a problem that no one seems to want to deal with: the promise of “celibacy”—which married deacons make at their ordination—actually requires perfect CONTINENCE. Since the restoration of the permanent diaconate under Paul VI, this fact has been dealt with by ignoring it.


56 posted on 05/22/2014 4:15:44 PM PDT by Arthur McGowan
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To: dartuser

Dear dartuser,

I feel so sorry for you since you are probably using a Bible that does not have the correct translations. Priest was one of the words that was changed as far as I know.

When your translation is checked against the Duoay Rheims, the Latin and the Greek, as well as the Jerusalem Bible, you will see the word priest.


57 posted on 05/22/2014 4:17:43 PM PDT by Salvation ("With God all things are possible." Matthew 19:26)
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To: ThomasMore

Thanks for the facts.


58 posted on 05/22/2014 4:18:20 PM PDT by Salvation ("With God all things are possible." Matthew 19:26)
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To: dartuser
<1,,2409,hiereus>

"one who offers sacrifice and has the charge of things pertaining thereto," is used (a) of a "priest" of the pagan god Zeus, Acts 14:13; (b) of Jewish "priests," e.g., Matt. 8:4; 12:4,5; Luke 1:5, where allusion is made to the 24 courses of "priests" appointed for service in the Temple (cp. 1 Chron. 24:4ff.); John 1:19; Heb. 8:4; (c) of believers, Rev. 1:6; 5:10; 20:6. Israel was primarily designed as a nation to be a kingdom of "priests," offering service to God, e.g., Ex. 19:6; the Israelites having renounced their obligations, Ex. 20:19, the Aaronic priesthood was selected for the purpose, till Christ came to fulfil His ministry in offering up Himself; since then the Jewish priesthood has been abrogated, to be resumed nationally, on behalf of Gentiles, in the millenial kingdom, Is. 61:6; 66:21. Meanwhile all believers, from Jews and Gentiles, are constituted "a kingdom of priests," Rev. 1:6 (see above), "a holy priesthood," 1 Pet. 2:5, and "royal," 1 Pet. 2:9. The NT knows nothing of a sacerdotal class in contrast to the laity; all believers are commanded to offer the sacrifices mentioned in Rom. 12:1; Phil. 2:17; 4:18; Heb. 13:15,16; 1 Pet. 2:5; (d) of Christ, Heb. 5:6; 7:11,15,17,21; 8:4 (negatively); (e) of Melchizedek, as the forshadower of Christ, Heb. 7:1,3.

http://www2.mf.no/bibelprog/vines?word=%AFt0002209

an adjective, the comparative degree of presbus, "an old man, an elder," is used (a) of age, whether of the "elder" of two persons, Luke 15:25, or more, John 8:9, "the eldest;" or of a person advanced in life, a senior, Acts 2:17; in Heb. 11:2, the "elders" are the forefathers in Israel; so in Matt. 15:2; Mark 7:3,5; the feminine of the adjective is used of "elder" women in the churches, 1 Tim. 5:2, not in respect of position but in seniority of age; (b) of rank or positions of responsibility, (1) among Gentiles, as in the Sept. of Gen. 50:7; Num. 22:7; (2) in the Jewish nation, firstly, those who were the heads or leaders of the tribes and families, as of the seventy who assisted Moses, Num. 11:16; Deut. 27:1, and those assembled by Solomon; secondly, members of the Sanhedrin, consisting of the chief priests, "elders" and scribes, learned in Jewish law, e.g., Matt. 16:21; 26:47; thirdly, those who managed public affairs in the various cities, Luke 7:3; (3) in the Christian churches, those who, being raised up and qualified by the work of the Holy Spirit, were appointed to have the spiritual care of, and to exercise oversight over, the churches. To these the term "bishops," episkopoi, or "overseers," is applied (see Acts 20, ver. 17 with ver. 28, and Titus 1:5,7), the latter term indicating the nature of their work, presbuteroi their maturity of spirtual experience. The Divine arrangement seen throughout the NT was for a plurality of these to be appointed in each church, Acts 14:23; 20:17; Phil. 1:1; 1 Tim. 5:17; Titus 1:5. The duty of "elders" is described by the verb episkopeo. They were appointed according as they had given evidence of fulfilling the Divine qualifications, Titus 1:6-9; cp. 1 Tim. 3:1-7; 1 Pet. 5:2; (4) the twenty-four "elders" enthroned in heaven around the throne of God, Rev. 4:4,10; 5:5-14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4. The number twenty-four is representative of earthly conditions. The word "elder" is nowhere applied to angels. See OLD.

http://www2.mf.no/bibelprog/vines?word=%AFt0000866

At a minimum, it leaves one wondering why the normal Greek work for priest was not used of Christians, apart from the universal priesthood of the believer.

Also: http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/presbuteros.html

http://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/nas/hiereus.html

59 posted on 05/22/2014 4:35:47 PM PDT by Mr Rogers (I sooooo miss America!)
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To: Salvation
I feel so sorry for you since you are probably using a Bible that does not have the correct translations.

Your remarks are insulting and naive.

I translate the Greek NT for myself. I use the English for exposition but check it against the Greek for the vital nuances that are in the Greek grammar. I suspect you do not do likewise.

My objection to the article was that the word 'priest' is not used in ANY of the passages where the qualifications for church leadership is mentioned. That would be 1 Tim 3, Titus 1, 1 Peter 5 ...

Priest was one of the words that was changed as far as I know.

That's just it ... you don't know ... you just assume what the RCC has fed you all these years.

When your translation is checked against the Duoay Rheims, the Latin and the Greek, as well as the Jerusalem Bible, you will see the word priest.

Like I said, I am reading the Greek ... the NT was originally written in the Greek. Now I just happen to have one of your Douay Rheims texts ... and guess what ... the D-R does not have the word priest in the passages that I mentioned. Repeat, your own Catholic translation does not support your position.

Further, a few weeks ago I mentioned that all three terms used in the NT (πρεσβύτεροι, ἐπισκοπῆς, ποιμένας) for leadership in the church refer to the same office.

In Acts 20:17 Paul calls for the Ephesian elders (πρεσβυτέρους) ... in 20:28 as he is addressing the elders he says that the Holy Spirit has made them overseers (ἐπισκόπους) and instructs them to shepherd (ποιμαίνειν) the church of God.

Do yourself a favor, go get a book called Biblical Eldership by Alexander Strauch. No, its not written by a Roman Catholic ... so it will take some courage on your part to read it.

60 posted on 05/22/2014 5:39:40 PM PDT by dartuser
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