Here's a long excerpt from a doc available at:
http://www.disclosureproject.org/access/Word-Documents/DisclosureProjectBriefingDocumentNoDocs.doc
7.0 A SUMMARY REVIEW OF ENERGY AND ANTI-GRAVITY RESEARCH
Compiled by Anthony J. Craddock
with assistance from Dr. Paul LaViolette and other researchers
Since the time of the great Nikola Tesla (and before), a small sector of the scientific community has known that so-called “free energy” can be extracted from our surroundings, and that many other exotic forces and effects, such as “anti-gravity”, are also waiting to be liberated at our beck and call.
In his 1899 Colorado Springs experiments, Tesla discovered the electro-gravitational (or scalar) wave, which oscillate the energy density of the vacuum and hence oscillate the curvature of space-time. So, over a century ago, it appears that Tesla had already produced a unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetics. His discoveries were so fundamental, and his intent to provide free energy for all humankind was so clear, that it was probably responsible for the withdrawal of his financial backing, his deliberate isolation, and the gradual removal of his name from the history books.
The zero-point energy of a vacuum is the lowest energy vacuum state, with fluctuations taken into account. Even at low energies, quantum fluctuations continually arise, and result in an incessant, extremely rapid and violent "jittering" of the energy momentarily present. The minimum energy due to these quantum fluctuations is called the zero-point energy. The amount of this energy is HUGE. Some scientists have hypothesized that one cubic centimeter of pure vacuum contains enough energy to condense into 1080 – 10120 grams of matter! Quantum mechanically, no system of interest (including even space-time itself) can have zero energy. The so-called “free energy” is actually obtained by tapping into the above-described zero-point energy.
The bedrock of much of modern science is Classical Electromagnetic Theory (CEM). James Clark Maxwell developed this 136 years ago in an exotic algebra known as quaternions. In order to render it more assimilable for use by working electrodynamicists, it was deliberately re-written in much simpler language by Oliver Heaviside (and Gibbs) in 1903. This simplification (and truncation) eliminated a whole subset of the equations including the scalar electromagnetics and the gravitational aspects that were contained in the original theory. At last count, there are at least thirty-four known flaws in Clark Maxwell’s hoary old theory, which is what is still taught in today’s classrooms. Some of the world’s leading scientists, such as Wheeler, Feynman, Bunge, Margenau, Barrett, Cornille, Evans, Vigier, and Lehnert have all written about CEM’s deficiencies.
When this missing “Heaviside subset” of Classical Electromagnetic Theory is restored, and the brilliant 1903 and 1904 work of a Cambridge University mathematician, E.T. Whittaker, factored in, all of a sudden one has the supposedly elusive Holy Grail of Science – a true Unified Field Theory that unites General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Mind and Subtle Energy Phenomena and Classical EM Theory.
But in fact, for the advancement of humanity, the real Holy Grail could be argued to actually be contained in this missing subset, not in the more grandiose sounding Unified Field Theory.
For it is this “scalar potential” that stresses local space-time, i.e. the 3 spatial dimensions AND time, which allows the “bleed-through” of additional electromagnetic energy to create overunity electromagnetic systems. Indeed, the restoration of this missing subset also shows that Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity was also only a subset of the real theory that he was trying to write. Even though Einstein has been lionized for his theory of General Relativity (Time Magazine “Man of the Century”), he himself is on record as saying that the so-called foundations of physics need constant review, and that his Relativity Theory was not necessarily cast in concrete.
A further impediment to the theoretical extraction of “free” energy was also imposed on what was left of Maxwell’s already diluted EM Theory by H.A. Lorentz around 1902. He simply arbitrarily threw away the monstrous amount of current outside the circuit that was not intercepted by the circuit, and that he could not theoretically account for. This he termed “of no physical significance!” – even though it is approximately 1013 times greater than the intercepted current in our everyday electrical circuits! He thus perpetually locked EM systems in a theoretical and figurative iron box that would never allow them to go overunity and bleed in and capture additional energy.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, and examples abound of where systems (such as heat-pumps or windmills) put out more energy than they take in, simply by transducing other energy sources. This is called overunity, when the outputted energy added to additional transduced energy from another source puts out more energy than is provided by the original primary source. Conventional science “allows” this in every aspect of “conventional science” WITH THE SOLE (ARBITRARY) EXCEPTION OF ELECTROMAGNETISM.
But, by not “allowing” the curvature of space-time locally, which is a way to open the gate to the “free” vacuum energy, one can well see why some entrenched economic interests have discouraged investigation of this physicist into this awesome source of energy. Indeed, we have been told that the US Patent Office has strict instructions not to allow any Patent for a meaningful overunity electromagnetic system or one that would appear to threaten the status quo of our present power suppliers.
Occasionally, however, the veil does inadvertently get lifted on some of the wondrous suppressed overunity systems, only to quickly be dropped again.
Here are a few examples:
Tesla’s Self-Powered Automobile
In 1931, in a very secret program, Tesla built an overunity, self-powered electrical power system, placed it in a Pierce Arrow automobile, and ran the car around successfully. A relative who rode with him in the car confirmed it many years later. Some details are described in Marc Seifer’s biography of Tesla as follows:
"The car [was] a standard Pierce Arrow, with the engine removed and other components installed instead. The standard clutch, gearbox, and drive train remained… Under the hood, there was a brushless electric motor, connected to [or in place of] the engine… Tesla would not divulge who made the motor."
"Set into the dash was a "power receiver" consisting of a box… containing 12 radio tubes… A vertical antenna, consisting of a 6 ft. rod, was installed and connected to the power receiver [which was] in turn, connected to the motor by two heavy, conspicuous cables… Tesla pushed these in before starting and said: ‘We now have power."
This Tesla device seems to have been remarkably similar to the radiant energy amplifier of T. Henry Moray described below. Also, Tesla coined the term “radiant energy” with respect to natural media in two of his patents.
Further, we have Barrett’s mathematical demonstration that Tesla’s actual patented circuits, when viewed in a higher topology, did indeed freely shuttle energy in the circuit as desired. In short, it appears that Tesla knew how to make circuits that asymmetrically self-regauged themselves creating overunity systems and therefore self-powering systems.
This is an entirely different operation than just the present entropic transfer of voltage used by electrical engineers today. It is more akin to deliberately regauging desired sections of the circuit, so that excess energy appears there from an external source. In short, it is akin to asymmetrical self-regauging, and also to the type of operation of circuits that Kron (discussed below) discovered so laboriously but never entirely revealed.
No technical details were ever released on how Tesla’s self-powered automobile system worked. The Tesla papers eventually turned over to his native country did not contain the actual "critical" papers present in his room at the time of his death. Those "critical" papers were illegally removed from his room as if Tesla were an illegal alien (he was a naturalized U.S. citizen, so the entire action was blatantly illegal). If those "critical" papers are still in existence, then they are still highly classified and hidden from conventional scientists. Cheney in her biography on Tesla reports finding the location of those papers.
The free energy electrical automotive power system part of Tesla’s work was financed by the same world financier who financed Adolph Hitler’s rise to power as well as much of the early Communist takeover of Russia. It is speculated that because of this financial control, Tesla would not have been allowed to put that car into production by one of the U.S. automotive companies
Some recent references and patents based in part on Tesla’s work are as follows:
Barrett, T.W., "Tesla’s Nonlinear Oscillator-Shuttle-Circuit (OSC) Theory," Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, 16(1), 1991, p. 23-41.
Barrett, T.W. and D. M Grimes. [Eds.] Advanced Electromagnetism: Foundations, Theory, & Applications, World Scientific, (Singapore, New Jersey, London, and Hong Kong), Suite 1B, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, New Jersey, 07661, 1995.
"Active Signalling Systems," U.S. Patent No. 5,486,833, Jan. 23, 1996.
"Oscillator-Shuttle-Circuit (OSC) Networks for Conditioning Energy in Higher-Order Symmetry Algebraic Topological Forms and RF Phase Conjugation," U.S. Patent No. 5,493,691. Feb. 20, 1996.
The Moray Radiant Energy Device
In the early 1900’s, Dr. T. Henry Moray of Salt Lake City produced his first device to tap energy from the metafrequency oscillations of empty space itself. Eventually he produced a free energy device weighing sixty pounds and producing 50,000 watts of electricity for several hours. Ironically, although he demonstrated his device repeatedly to scientists and engineers, he was unable to obtain funding to develop the device into a useable power station that would furnish electrical power on a mass scale.
In the 1920’s and 1930’s Moray steadily improved his devices, particularly his detector tube, the only real secret of the device according to Moray himself. In his book , The Sea of Energy in Which the Earth Floats, Moray presents documented evidence that he invented the first transistor-type valve in 1925, far ahead of the officially recognized discovery of the transistor. In his free energy detector tube Moray apparently used, inside the tube itself, a variation of this transistor idea — a small rounded pellet of a mixture of triboluminescent zinc, a semiconductor material, and a radioactive or fissile material. His patent application (for which a patent has never been granted) was filed on July 13, 1931, long before the advent of the Bell Laboratories’ transistor.
In test after test Moray demonstrated his radiant energy device to electrical engineering professors, congressmen, dignitaries, and a host of other visitors to his laboratory. Once he even took the device several miles out in the country, away from all power lines, to prove that he was not simply tuning in to energy being clandestinely radiated from some other part of his laboratory. Several times he allowed independent investigators to completely disassemble his device and reassemble it, then reactivate it themselves. In all tests, he was successful in demonstrating that the device could produce energy output without any appreciable energy input. According to exhaustive documentation, no one was ever able to prove that the device was fraudulent or that Moray had not accomplished exactly what he claimed.
The records are full of signed statements from skeptical physicists, electrical engineers, and scientists who came to the Moray laboratory and left with the complete conviction that Moray had indeed succeeded in tapping a universal source of energy that could produce free electrical power.
But in the face of all of this, the U.S. Patent Office refused to grant Moray a patent, first, because his device used a cold cathode in the tubes (the patent examiner asserted it was common knowledge that a heated cathode was necessary to obtain electrons) and, second, because he failed to identify the source of the energy. All sorts of irrelevant patents and devices were also presented as being infringed upon or duplicated by Moray’s work. Each of these objections was patiently answered and nullified by Moray; nonetheless, the patent has still not been issued to this day, although the Morays still keep the patent application current.
John Moray, who operates the Research Institute in Salt Lake City, has been trying to continue his father’s work since the basic unit was destroyed by a Russian double agent. Dr. Moray himself died in May 1974.
Gabriel Kron and the Negative Resistor
At the time of his death, Gabriel Kron was considered by some the greatest “non-linear” scientist ever produced by the United States.
A negative resistor is defined as any component or function or process that receives energy in unusable or disordered form and outputs that energy in usable, ordered form, where that is the net function performed. We specifically do not include "differential" negative resistors such as the tunnel diode, thyristor, and magnetron which dissipate and disorder more energy overall than they order in their "negative resistance" regimes.
It appears that the availability of the Heaviside energy component surrounding any portion of the circuit may be the long sought secret to Gabriel Kron’s "open path" that enabled him to produce a true negative resistor in the 1930s, as the chief scientist for General Electric on the U.S. Navy contract for the Network Analyzer at Stanford University. Kron was never permitted to release how he made his negative resistor, but did state that, when placed in the Network Analyzer, the generator could be disconnected because the negative resistor would power the circuit. This negative resistor, one might add, was developed at the expense of the U.S. Taxpayer.
Since a negative resistor converges surrounding energy and diverges it into the circuit, it appears that Kron’s negative resistor gathered energy from the Heaviside component of energy flow as an "open path" flow of energy — connecting together the local vicinities of any two separated circuit components — that had been discarded by previous electrodynamicists following Lorentz. Hence Kron referred to it as the "open path." Kron describes this as follows : "...the missing concept of "open-paths" (the dual of "closed-paths") was discovered, in which currents could be made to flow in branches that lie between any set of two nodes. (Previously — following Maxwell — engineers tied all of their open-paths to a single datum point, the ‘ground’). That discovery of open-paths established a second rectangular transformation matrix... which created ‘lamellar’ currents..." "A network with the simultaneous presence of both closed and open paths was the answer to the author’s years-long search."
A true negative resistor appears to have been developed by Kron. He described his apparent success in 1945 stating : "When only positive and negative real numbers exist, it is customary to replace a positive resistance by an inductance and a negative resistance by a capacitor (since none or only a few negative resistances exist on practical network analyzers)." Apparently Kron was required to insert the words "none or" in that statement. He also wrote that : "Although negative resistances are available for use with a network analyzer,…" suggesting in rather certain terms that negative resistors were available for use on the network analyzer.
University of Moscow Scientists tested Overunity devices in 1930s
In the 1930s Russian scientists (Mandelstam et al. ) at the University of Moscow and supporting agencies developed and tested parametric oscillator generators exhibiting COP > 1.0. The theory, results, pictures, etc. are in both the Russian and French literature, with many references cited in this particular translation. Apparently the work was never resurrected after WW II.
Other pertinent Russian references include:
Mandelstam, L.I.; and N.D. Papaleksi, "On the parametric excitation of electric oscillations," Zhurnal Teknicheskoy Fiziki, 4(1), 1934, p. 5-29
Mandelstam, L. and N. Papalexi, "On resonance phenomena with frequency distribution," Z.f. Phys., No. 72, 1931, p. 223
"Concerning asynchronous excitation of oscillations," Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 4(1), 1934, p. TBD
"Concerning asynchronous excitation of oscillations," Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 4(1), 1934
"Concerning nonstationary processes occurring in the case of resonance phenomena of the second class," Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 4(1), 1934
Andronov, A. “The limiting cycles of Poincare and the theory of self-maintained oscillations,” Comptes-Rendus, Vol. 189, 1929, p. 559.
and A. Witt, “On the mathematical theory of self-excitations,” Comptes-Rendus, Vol. 190, 1930, p. 256
“On the mathematical theory of self-excitation systems with two degrees of freedom,” Zhurnal Tekhnicheskioi Fiziki, 4(1), 1934
“Discontinuous periodic movements and theory of multivibrators of Abraham and Bloch,” Bull. De l’Acad. Ed Sc. De l”URSS, vol. 189, 1930.
Chaikin, S., “Continuous and ‘discontinuous’ oscillations,” Zhurnal Prikladnoi Fiziki, Vol. 7, 1930, p. 6.
and A. Witt, , “Drift in a case of small amplitudes,” Zhurnal Teknicheskoi Fiziki, 1(5), 1931, p. 428.
and N. Kaidanowski, “Mechanical relaxation oscillations,” Zhurnal Teknicheskoi Fiziki, Vol. 3, 1933, p. 1.
The Original Point-Contact Transistor
The original point-contact transistor often behaved in true negative resistor fashion, but was never understood. The point-contact transistor was simply bypassed by advancing to other transistor types more easily manufactured and with less manufacturing variances. Point-contact transistors can easily be developed into true negative resistors enabling COP> 1.0 circuits.
Burford and Verner (p.281) state that: "…the theory underlying their function is imperfectly understood even after almost a century… although the very nature of these units limits them to small power capabilities, the concept of small-signal behavior, in the sense of the term when applied to junction devices, is meaningless, since there is no region of operation wherein equilibrium or theoretical performance is observed. Point-contact devices may therefore be described as sharply nonlinear under all operating conditions."
Overunity device installed in Minuteman Missile - patented by Westinghouse
A frequency converter using 64 transistor stages and similar sophisticated feedforward and feedback mechanisms was placed in the original Minuteman missile, then deliberately modified to stop its demonstrated COP > 1.0 performance. After much investigation, it was found that the units were putting out some 105% as much energy as they received. Some were exhibiting COP = 1.15. Very quietly, Westinghouse engineers then obtained several patents surrounding the technology, but no further mention of it appears in the literature although DeSantis et al. showed that feedback systems with a multipower open loop chain can produce COP > 1.0 performance. Some of these patents are listed below:
Andreatta, J.H. "High Power Switching Amplifier Wherein Energy is Transferred to a Tuned Circuit During Both Half Cycles," U.S. Patent No. 3,239,771, Mar. 8, 1966
Dennis Jr., T.L. "Highly Efficient Semiconductor Switching Amplifier," U.S. Patent No. 3,239,772, Mar. 8, 1966
DeSantis R.M. et al., "On the Analysis of Feedback Systems With a Multipower Open Loop Chain," Oct. 1973, AD 773188, available through the U.S. National Technical Information System.
Morrison, H.J. "Square Wave Driven Power Amplifier," U.S. Patent No. 3,815,030, June 4, 1974.
The Astronauts’ Magnetic Boots
In the original magnetic boots for astronauts developed by Radus et al. at Westinghouse, the magnetic fields themselves — from permanent magnets — were simply switched! The astronaut could pick up his foot by simply switching off the permanent magnetic fields easily. They switched on again when he placed the foot down. He did not have to carry a huge battery around with him, to furnish enormous current to do that. And the magnets had a memory. (So far as is known, even today no one tells you that in many virgin magnets fresh from the factory, their very first use conditions them with a memory! That fact can be used, for example, to create magnets whose fields appear normal, but which deviate from the normal behavior of ordinary magnets, including produce anomalies in their magnetic fields.
It can easily be seen that, when one can switch a permanent magnet’s fields easily, and the magnet also has a built-in memory as did the Radus magnets, then with a little ingenuity in switching one could use such switchable magnets to produce a self-switching, self-powered permanent magnet motor. The magnet, being a permanent dipole, is already a particular kind of "free energy generator", since it continuously gates magnetic energy directly from the vacuum due to its asymmetry in the energetic vacuum flux.
The entire subject of making permanent magnets with memories, and how to use such in operational systems, is still a largely unexplored, extremely obscure territory. In fact, most researchers are not even aware that the phenomenon exists. Some references on this topic are listed below:
Astleford, Jr., J. and R. J. Radus, "Distribution Transformer with Zero-Percent Impedance," Westinghouse Engineering, 23(5), Sept. 1963, p. 148-151
"Zero Impedance Distribution Transformer," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus & Systems, 83(9), Sept. 1964, p. 918-926
Hangar, A.W. and A. A. Rosener, "The use of permanent magnets in zero-gravity mobility and restraint "footwear" concept," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. MAG-6, No. 3, Sept. 1970, p. 464-467. These crude "shuffler" boots are a contrast to the elegant Westinghouse/Radus "stepping" boots earlier developed and used by NASA.
"Human fly has magnetic sole," Electrical Engineering, Apr. 1963, p. 294.
Radus, R.J and W.G. Evans, "Apparatus Responsive to Direct Quantities," U.S. Patent No. 2,892,155, June 23, 1959.
Radus, R.J., "Permanent Magnet Flux Transfer Principle," Internal Westinghouse paper, date unknown
Radus, R.J., "Permanent-Magnet Circuit using a ‘Flux-Transfer’ principle," Engineers’ Digest, date unknown (July 1963?), p. 86.
Hitachi Engineers confirm Overunity Process
Applications by Japanese inventor Teruo Kawai of adroit self-switching of the magnetic path in magnetic motors results in approximately doubling the COP. Modification of an ordinary magnetic engine of COP < 0.5 will not produce COP > 1.0. However, modification of available high efficiency (COP = 0.6 to 0.8) engines to use the Kawai process does result in engines exhibiting COP = 1.2 to 1.6. Two Kawai-modified Hitachi engines were rigorously tested by Hitachi engineers and produced COP = 1.4 and COP = 1.6 respectively. The Kawai process, which can be constructed directly from the Patent with appropriate switching (e.g. photon), and several other Japanese overunity systems appear to have been blocked from further development and marketing.
Bearden, T.E., "Energetics Update and Summary," Part I, Explore, 7(6), 1997, p. 60-67; Part II, Explore, 7(7), 1997, p. 53-56; Part III, Explore, 8(1), 1997, p. 53-56; Part IV, Explore, 8(3), 1997, p. 56-63
"The Master Principle of EM Overunity and the Japanese Overunity Engines," Infinite Energy, 1(5&6), Nov. 1995-Feb. 1996, p. 38-55.
“Energy Flow, Collection, and Dissipation in Overunity EM Devices," Proceedings of the 4th International Energy Conference, Denver, Colorado, May 23-27, 1997, p. 5-51
Kawai, Teruo, " Motive Power Generating Device," U.S. Patent No. 5,436,518. Jul. 25, 1995.
The Magnetic Wankel Engine
The Magnetic Wankel engine should also be capable of COP > 1.0 and closed-loop self-powering, but apparently it has also been suppressed, as have all Japanese COP > 1.0 EM systems.
Bearden, T.E., "The Master Principle of EM Overunity and the Japanese Overunity Engines," Infinite Energy, 1(5&6), Nov. 1995-Feb. 1996, p. 38-55
"The Master Principle of Overunity and the Japanese Overunity Engines: A New Pearl Harbor?"
The Virtual Times, website
http://www.hsv.com, January 1996.
Johnson’s Motors
Howard Johnson has built many novel linear and rotary motors and at least one self-powering magnetic rotary device that was later stolen in a mysterious break-in at his laboratory. Johnson uses a bidirectional "two particle" theory of magnetic flux lines that can be justified by Whittaker’s earlier work showing the internal bidirectional energy flows in all potentials and fields. He also utilizes controlled spin-waves and self-initiated precise exchange forces, which are known to momentarily produce bursts of very strong forcefields. His approach is to use highly nonlinear assemblies of magnets that initiate the foregoing phenomena at very precise points in the rotation cycle. In short, he seeks to produce precisely located and directed sudden magnetic forces, using self-initiated nonlinear magnetic phenomena. This is analogous to what the Wankel engine did using the Lenz law effect by sharply interrupting a weak current in an external coil. The Lenz law effect and other very abrupt field changes momentarily produce not only an amplified Poynting energy flow component, but also an amplified Heaviside energy flow component as well. Some relevant references include:
Cullity, B.D, Introduction to Magnetic Materials, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1972
Gurevich, A.G. and G.A. Melkov, Magnetization Oscillations and Waves, CRC Press, 1996
L’vov, V.S., Wave Turbulence Under Parametric Excitation: Applications to Magnets, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994
L’vov, V.S. and L.A. Prozorova, "Spin Waves Above the Threshold of Parametric Excitation," in A.S. Borovik-Romanov and S.K. Sinha, (Eds.), Spin Waves and Magnetic Excitations, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1988.