This is not a geology term, but a creationist term for what geologists call "upright fossils" or "in situ trees." The issue was explained as long ago as 1868. To simplify immensely - sometimes an event (volcano lava, flood, repetitive floods in a basin or marsh) will partially or totally bury a tree. In situ trees are clearly rooted in a particular strata. In some cases the top has rotted away, but certain conditions mean that the tree won't rot or only very slowly, and another layer or layers may be deposited in a flood plain before that can happen.
Haldane dilemma
This one was dealt with years ago. Haldane himself said ""I am quite aware that my conclusions will probably need drastic revision." Since then, it was found he made inaccurate assumptions.
Rings of Saturn
Ok, now you lost me. The rings are geological feature of another planet, and I can't see what they have to do with biology on earth.
I am not persuaded in the least by your post.
The eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980 shows the same type of sedimentary layering and trees both uprooted and intact that are insitu through many layers of sediment.
Any inaccurate assumptions made by Haldane have not disproven the dilemmna he asserted. Actually just the opposite but then it depends upon your source.
Rings on Saturn indicate a young age for the solar system as do many other natural clocks ~ 101 Evidences for a Young Age of the Earth...And the Universe
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2264681/posts
Thousands upon thousands [of missing transitionals fossils] can be translated as millions. Regardless the scientifically discredited theory of macro-evolution does not have any transitionals.
DNA among all human beings is more than 99.9% similar. Better yet #3 from prior link in my post ~ 3.The decay in the human genome due to multiple slightly deleterious mutations each generation is consistent with an origin several thousand years ago. Sanford, J., Genetic entropy and the mystery of the genome, Ivan Press, 2005; see review of the book and the interview with the author in Creation 30(4):45–47,September 2008. This has been confirmed by realistic modelling of population genetics, which shows that genomes are young, in the order of thousands of years. See Sanford, J., Baumgardner, J., Brewer, W., Gibson, P. and Remine, W., Mendel’s Accountant: A biologically realistic forward-time population genetics program, SCPE 8(2):147–165, 2007.