It really isn’t the carrier that wins it, it is all those support combat ships that spread for miles out and protect that airstrip and its aircraft. If a country could make a runway on land and protect it for 100 miles out it would have the same effect
The last time I checked there were very few airstrips in the middle of the ocean. Also when destroyers can fly then they can carry out alpha strikes for us. But you are right a land based airstrip is cheaper. he problem is the are a stationery target a CVN is always moving.