Tissue characterization using THz spectroscopy. A: Mean absorption coefficients of kidney, liver and abdominal fat; B: Mean refractive indices of all the tissue samples. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Posted on 12/06/2017 8:43:24 AM PST by bgill
Doctors treating the U.S. embassy victims of suspected attacks in Cuba have discovered brain abnormalities as they search for clues to explain hearing, vision, balance and memory damage...It’s the most specific finding to date about physical damage, showing that whatever it was that harmed the Americans, it led to perceptible changes in their brains. The finding is also one of several factors fueling growing skepticism that some kind of sonic weapon was involved. Medical testing has revealed the embassy workers developed changes to the white matter tracts that let different parts of the brain communicate, several U.S. officials said, describing a growing consensus held by university and government physicians researching the attacks. White matter acts like information highways between brain cells.
(Excerpt) Read more at kxan.com ...
They can work on this but they can’t do a d*a*n*g thing for all the traumatic brain injury (tbi) victims, .....
Milli-Microwaves.........................
Mr President, we must not allow a sonic attack Gap!
After hearing about the rooskies poisoning that former spy with a radioactive potion ( in a drink I believe), anything is possible. And what about the time they injected another dissident with a tiny ball of poison, injected with a needle in a public place...
The biggest puzzle is how they reported directional audio hallucinations.
If there is a general defect causing problems in their brain, shouldn’t it be omnidirectional? Having a change in tensity seems to suggest that whatever the cause was affecting them externally.
Could it be the Cubans were spying on them and they used defective equipment that exposed those near the transmitter to deadly RF? I would not be surprised.
Were they all hold-overs from Hillary’s State Department? Then there’s the answer, right there.
He left out the part where he added "but if you don't, well, that's okay too. We'll just pretend our brain damaged embassy personnel never existed and move on."
and not a d*a*n*g thing for us commoners have they done since 1861.
This was going on for a long time. Any acoustics engineer with a frequency meter should be able to determine the exact frequency and/or type of wave.
My guess is that the frequency is a mixed frequency in the overlap between the infra red and microwaves or T-waves(terahertz). The Japanese have been doing a lot of research on this spectrum due to the unusual medical imaging abilities available.
The technology allows you to examine the contents of a room without entering. It works through walls and is used in high tech spying devices.(They actually used it to find the rooms and contents in the Egyptian Pyramids)
My guess is that the wave frequency destroys the dendrites on the pyramidal cells in level three of the brain which is what is measured in EEG brain wave studies. This atrophy directly affects short term memory as the brains ability to reach gamma frequency for operational consciousness is diminished. Scientists are currently looking at this portion of the brain malfunction as a cause of epilepsy.
The white layer is insulation between the neurons.
Per Wiki:( I left in footnote references)
Terahertz radiation – also known as submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, tremendously high frequency[1] (THF), T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux or THz – consists of electromagnetic waves within the ITU-designated band of frequencies from 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz; 1 THz = 1012 Hz). Wavelengths of radiation in the terahertz band correspondingly range from 1 mm to 0.1 mm (or 100 μm). Because terahertz radiation begins at a wavelength of one millimeter and proceeds into shorter wavelengths, it is sometimes known as the submillimeter band, and its radiation as submillimeter waves, especially in astronomy.
Photon energy in the THz regime is less than the band-gap energy of non-metallic materials and thus THz radiation can penetrate such materials. THz beams transmitted through materials can be used for material characterization, layer inspection, and as an alternative to X-rays for producing high resolution images of the interior of solid objects.[2]
Terahertz radiation occupies a middle ground between microwaves and infrared light waves known as the “terahertz gap”, where technology for its generation and manipulation is in its infancy. It represents the region in the electromagnetic spectrum where the frequency of electromagnetic radiation becomes too high to be measured digitally via electronic counters, so must be measured by proxy using the properties of wavelength and energy. Similarly, the generation and modulation of coherent electromagnetic signals in this frequency range ceases to be possible by the conventional electronic devices used to generate radio waves and microwaves, requiring the development of new devices and techniques.
Millimeter waves occupy the frequency spectrum from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. They’re found in the spectrum between microwaves (1 GHz to 30 GHz) and infrared (IR) waves, which is sometimes known as extremely high frequency (EHF). The wavelength (λ) is in the 1-mm to 10-mm range. At one time this part of the spectrum was essentially unused simply because few if any electronic components could generate or receive millimeter waves.
Medical imaging
Unlike X-rays, terahertz radiation is not ionizing radiation and its low photon energies in general do not damage tissues and DNA. Some frequencies of terahertz radiation can penetrate several millimeters of tissue with low water content (e.g., fatty tissue) and reflect back. Terahertz radiation can also detect differences in water content and density of a tissue. Such methods could allow effective detection of epithelial cancer with an imaging system that is safe, non-invasive, and painless.
The first images generated using terahertz radiation date from the 1960s; however, in 1995 images generated using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy generated a great deal of interest.
Some frequencies of terahertz radiation can be used for 3D imaging of teeth and may be more accurate than conventional X-ray imaging in dentistry.
Security
Terahertz radiation can penetrate fabrics and plastics, so it can be used in surveillance, such as security screening, to uncover concealed weapons on a person, remotely. This is of particular interest because many materials of interest have unique spectral "fingerprints" in the terahertz range. This offers the possibility to combine spectral identification with imaging. In 2002 the European Space Agency (ESA) Star Tiger team,[17] based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Oxfordshire, UK), produced the first passive terahertz image of a hand.[18] By 2004, ThruVision Ltd, a spin-out from the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCLRC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, had demonstrated the world’s first compact THz camera for security screening applications. The prototype system successfully imaged guns and explosives concealed under clothing.[19] Passive detection of terahertz signatures avoid the bodily privacy concerns of other detection by being targeted to a very specific range of materials and objects.[20][21] In January 2013, the NYPD announced plans to experiment with the newfound technology to detect concealed weapons,[22] prompting Miami blogger and privacy activist Jonathan Corbett to file a lawsuit against the department in Manhattan federal court that same month, challenging such use: "For thousands of years, humans have used clothing to protect their modesty and have quite reasonably held the expectation of privacy for anything inside of their clothing, since no human is able to see through them." He seeks a court order to prohibit using the technology without reasonable suspicion or probable cause.[23] By early 2017, the department said it had no intention of ever using the sensors given to them by the federal government.[24]
Scientific use and imaging
In addition to its current use in submillimetre astronomy, terahertz radiation spectroscopy could provide new sources of information for chemistry and biochemistry.
Recently developed methods of THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) and THz tomography have been shown to be able to image samples that are opaque in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum. The utility of THz-TDS is limited when the sample is very thin, or has a low absorbance, since it is very difficult to distinguish changes in the THz pulse caused by the sample from those caused by long-term fluctuations in the driving laser source or experiment. However, THz-TDS produces radiation that is both coherent and spectrally broad, so such images can contain far more information than a conventional image formed with a single-frequency source.
Submillimeter waves are used in physics to study materials in high magnetic fields, since at high fields (over about 11 tesla), the electron spin Larmor frequencies are in the submillimeter band. Many high-magnetic field laboratories perform these high-frequency EPR experiments, such as the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) in Florida.
Terahertz radiation could let art historians see murals hidden beneath coats of plaster or paint in centuries-old buildings, without harming the artwork.[25]
They should have been able to jam these waves... with an offset similar to white noise.
That’s so nasty! Cuba is a lost cause...give ‘em back to Russia! Ban all mutual commerce, and thefalse facadeof diplomacy! Remember the thousands slaughtered in the soccer stadium! The Castroites are subhumans...the real gusanos...as bad as Hitler.
Here is what the Cubans were doing:
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a spectroscopic technique in which the properties of a material are probed with short pulses of terahertz radiation. The generation and detection scheme is sensitive to the sample material’s effect on both the amplitude and the phase of the terahertz radiation. In this respect, the technique can provide more information than conventional Fourier-transform spectroscopy, which is only sensitive to the amplitude.
There are three widely used techniques for generating terahertz pulses, all based on ultrashort pulses from titanium-sapphire lasers or mode-locked fiber lasers.
The electrical field of the terahertz pulses is measured in a detector that is simultaneously illuminated with an ultrashort laser pulse. Two common detection schemes are used in THz-TDS: photoconductive sampling and electro-optical sampling. THz pulses can also be detected by bolometers, heat detectors cooled to liquid-helium temperatures. Since bolometers can only measure the total energy of a terahertz pulse, rather than its electric field over time, they are unsuitable for THz-TDS.
In both THz-TDS detection methods, a part (called the detection pulse) of the same ultrashort laser pulse used to generate the terahertz pulse is sent to the detector, where it arrives simultaneously with the terahertz pulse. The detector will produce a different electrical signal depending on whether the detection pulse arrives when the electric field of the THz pulse is low or high. An optical delay line is used to vary the timing of the detection pulse.
Because the measurement technique is coherent, it naturally rejects incoherent radiation. Additionally, because the time slice of the measurement is extremely narrow, the noise contribution to the measurement is extremely low.
The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the resulting time-domain waveform obviously depends on experimental conditions (e.g., averaging time), however due to the coherent sampling techniques described, high S/N values (>70 dB) are routinely seen with 1 minute averaging times.
How Terahertz Waves Tear Apart DNA
A new model of the way the THz waves interact with DNA explains how the damage is done and why evidence has been so hard to gather
October 30, 2009
Great things are expected of terahertz waves, the radiation that fills the slot in the electromagnetic spectrum between microwaves and the infrared. Terahertz waves pass through non-conducting materials such as clothes , paper, wood and brick and so cameras sensitive to them can peer inside envelopes, into living rooms and “frisk” people at distance.
With all that potential, it’s no wonder that research on terahertz waves has exploded in the last ten years or so.
But what of the health effects of terahertz waves? At first glance, it’s easy to dismiss any notion that they can be damaging. Terahertz photons are not energetic enough to break chemical bonds or ionise atoms or molecules, the chief reasons why higher energy photons such as x-rays and UV rays are so bad for us. But could there be another mechanism at work?
The evidence that terahertz radiation damages biological systems is mixed. “Some studies reported significant genetic damage while others, although similar, showed none,” say Boian Alexandrov at the Center for Nonlinear Studies at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and a few buddies. Now these guys think they know why.
Alexandrov and co have created a model to investigate how THz fields interact with double-stranded DNA and what they’ve found is remarkable. They say that although the forces generated are tiny, resonant effects allow THz waves to unzip double-stranded DNA, creating bubbles in the double strand that could significantly interfere with processes such as gene expression and DNA replication. That’s a jaw dropping conclusion.
And it also explains why the evidence has been so hard to garner. Ordinary resonant effects are not powerful enough to do do this kind of damage but nonlinear resonances can. These nonlinear instabilities are much less likely to form which explains why the character of THz genotoxic
effects are probabilistic rather than deterministic, say the team.
And the umbrella dart...
Reflection geometry spectroscopy to investigate the properties of several types of healthy organ tissues, including liver, kidney, heart muscle, leg muscle, pancreas and abdominal fat tissues using THz pulsed imaging.
Research Paper that will answer many of their questions....
Tissue characterization using terahertz pulsed imaging in reflection geometry.
Huang SY1, Wang YX, Yeung DK, Ahuja AT, Zhang YT, Pickwell-Macpherson E.
Abstract
Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) is a non-ionizing and non-destructive imaging technique that has been recently used to study a wide range of biological materials. The severe attenuation of terahertz radiation in samples with high water content means that biological samples need to be very thin if they are to be measured in transmission geometry. To overcome this limitation, samples could be measured in reflection geometry and this is the most feasible way in which TPI could be performed in a clinical setting. In this study, we therefore used TPI in reflection geometry to characterize the terahertz properties of several organ samples freshly harvested from laboratory rats. We observed differences in the measured time domain responses and determined the frequency-dependent optical properties to characterize the samples further. We found statistically significant differences between the tissue types. These results show that TPI has the potential to accurately differentiate between tissue types non-invasively.
Tissue characterization using THz spectroscopy. A: Mean absorption coefficients of kidney, liver and abdominal fat; B: Mean refractive indices of all the tissue samples. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Are they sure the "brain abnormalities" weren't just because they were flamin' 0bama libs?
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