That list you made, the words are almost identical to those used in Hindi/Sanskrit and most other Indian languages.
I’m sure, if I spoke Hindi or Sanskrit, there’d be a lot more words we could come up with basicallly sounding the same. These words I listed though are Persian.
All people groups have a word for “one” and “two”. After that, “three” can be lumped in with “many” or “too many to count”. The brain is certainly wired the same across the world in humans.
The great flood is also common to nearly all people groups, and can be a starting point for cultural understanding.
I’ll see if I can’t find any references to the concept of math and people groups. It is amazing how similar we are to the Bushmen of the Kalahari in basic foundations of math. Language, however, is not the same.