Posted on 08/23/2023 8:29:45 AM PDT by SeekAndFind
A top international science journal funded by the federal government recently acknowledged that thousands of its published research papers may contain misleading language.
More than 2,600 of the papers from "Science," the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and one of the world's top academic journals, were examined in depth by another research journal, "Scientometrics." It found in a study that from 1997 to 2021, the use of "hedging" words have fallen by about 40%.
The study’s co-author and Nanjing University linguist Ying Wei said this revelation ought to be concerning because "essentially, the nature of academic knowledge is indeterminate."
In academic writing, "hedging" means using cautious language (i.e., "could" or "appear to") to avoid sounding overconfident and giving readers a misleading conclusion.
In 1997, there were about 115.8 hedging examples per 10,000 words. But by 2021, there were only 67.42 for the same amount.
Science’s news division highlighted this study of its research, and said that the reduction in hedging, according to some, "suggests a worrisome rise of unreliable, exaggerated claims."
According to the non-profit Influence Watch, "the federal government is the largest identifiable source of funding for AAAS," giving it $3.3 million annually between 2008 – 2017, not counting other grants it has received. Science was first published in 1880 with seed money from Thomas Edison.
Continuing, the journal group said "less hedging may reflect a subtle strategy by authors to sell their results to editors and readers as an alternative to explicit exaggeration," according to the study.
In 2020, AAAS highlighted several scientists who steadfastly insisted that questions regarding Covid-19 coming from the Wuhan lab was merely "a conspiracy theory." AAAS also repeatedly promoted Covid-19 vaccinations.
Social psychologist Melissa Wheeler reacted to the study’s findings, warning that prudence in academic research is "vital to communicating what one’s data can actually say and what it merely implies."
"If academic writing becomes more about the rhetoric ... it will become more difficult for readers to decipher what is groundbreaking and truly novel."
A research journal from 2015 published by the British Medical Association's weekly peer-reviewed medical trade journal, (BMA), found similar results, stating that "scientific abstracts are currently written with more positive and negative words," which means "apparently scientists look on the bright side of research results. But whether this perception fits reality should be questioned."
Despite the significant decline in hedging, Science denies that this has necessarily led to less reliable evidence. Instead, executive editor Valda Vinsion stated in the report that it may be due to authors being asked to provide additional supporting information.
"We tone down language if it comes across as definitive when [the evidence] is not," she said.
Science associate news editor Jeffrey Brainard declined to comment when reached by Just the News.
Climate, gender ... propaganda.
Science is not considered a top anything except by those who don’t work in the field
Try IEEE or OSA or any other real journal
Are you throwing shade on the Word of Wisdom?
His comment appears unrelated,
Coffee isn’t even mentioned in section 89 of the D&C.
The following is mentioned, and I find worthy of thought and action.
18 And all saints who remember to keep and do these sayings, walking in obedience to the commandments, shall receive health in their navel and marrow to their bones;
19 And shall find wisdom and great treasures of knowledge, even hidden treasures;
20 And shall run and not be weary, and shall walk and not faint.
21 And I, the Lord, give unto them a promise, that the destroying angel shall pass by them, as the children of Israel, and not slay them. Amen.
Verse 18 implies obediance to all of God’s commandments as well as “these sayings” for the word to be applicable.
Lastly, God in the beginning of the revelation to the Prophet Joseph Smith gives his reason for the “word of wisdom”.
4 Behold, verily, thus saith the Lord unto you: In consequence of evils and designs which do and will exist in the hearts of conspiring men in the last days, I have warned you, and forewarn you, by giving unto you this word of wisdom by revelation.
Over the years, I've pointed this out many times.
It amazes me why tcoJColds still gets down on coffee.
Thanks for picking out some nice sounding verses for the readers of this thread to ponder.
How about I just post the entire D&C thing?
THE DOCTRINE AND COVENANTS OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS SECTION 89 Revelation given through Joseph Smith the Prophet, at Kirtland, Ohio, February 27, 1833. HC 1: 327–329. As a consequence of the early brethren using tobacco in their meetings, the Prophet was led to ponder upon the matter; consequently he inquired of the Lord concerning it. This revelation, known as the Word of Wisdom, was the result. The first three verses were originally written as an inspired introduction and description by the Prophet. 1–9, Use of wine, strong drinks, tobacco, and hot drinks proscribed; 10–17, Herbs, fruits, flesh, and grain are ordained for the use of man and of animals; 18–21, Obedience to gospel law, including the Word of Wisdom, brings temporal and spiritual blessings. 1 A Word OF Wisdom, for the benefit of the council of high priests, assembled in Kirtland, and the church, and also the saints in Zion— 2 To be sent greeting; not by commandment or constraint, but by revelation and the Word OF Wisdom, showing forth the order and bwill of God in the temporal salvation of all saints in the last days— 3 Given for a principle with apromise, adapted to the capacity of the bweak and the weakest of all csaints, who are or can be called saints. 4 Behold, verily, thus saith the Lord unto you: In consequence of aevils and designs which do and will exist in the hearts of bconspiring men in the last days, I have cwarned you, and forewarn you, by giving unto you this word OF wisdom by revelation— 8 And again, tobacco is not for the abody, neither for the belly, and is not good for man, but is an herb for bruises and all sick cattle, to be used with judgment and skill. 10 And again, verily I say unto you, all wholesome aherbs God hath ordained for the constitution, nature, and use of man— 11 Every herb in the season thereof, and every fruit in the season thereof; all these to be used with aprudence and bthanksgiving. 14 All agrain is ordained for the use of man and of beasts, to be the staff of life, not only for man but for the beasts of the field, and the fowls of heaven, and all wild animals that run or creep on the earth; 17 Nevertheless, wheat for man, and corn for the ox, and oats for the horse, and rye for the fowls and for swine, and for all beasts of the field, and barley for all useful animals, and for mild drinks, as also other grain. 21 And I, the Lord, give unto them a promise, that the adestroying angel shall bpass by them, as the children of Israel, and not slay them. Amen.
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What's for dinner?
It must be tough; being a Mormon. Having to face Scripture that state two oppossing ideas and somehow managing to believe BOTH of them! It's no WONDER that Utah leads in Prozac usage! |
Not tough at all. Understanding is required!
That we are given abundance by the facts of creation, doesn’t mean we cannot use meat sparingly. The two statements are mutually exclusive, except in the case of one trying to make an issue of it.
Abundance applies to all men not just the elite or wealthy etc. God provided for ALL. The distribution channels appear to favor the Elite and those who can afford what has become quite expensive. “In the beginning” it was not so, and for those who raised their own, I would suggest sparingly was a consideration.
Ordained?
For, behold, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the air, and that which cometh of the earth, is (ordained) for the use of man
Perhaps I’m not on your wavelength. Seems pretty simple.
God on occasion does speak in ways we might not quite understand.
D&C 49:18-19 18 And whoso forbiddeth to abstain from meats, that man should not eat the same, is not ordained of God; | God on occasion does speak in ways we might not quite understand. You'll get a BIG amen from me on that! | D&C 89:12-13 12 Yea, flesh also of beasts and of the fowls of the air, I, the Lord, have ordained for the use of man with thanksgiving; nevertheless they are to be used sparingly; |
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