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Scientific Illiteracy and the Partisan Takeover of Biology
National Center for Science Education ^ | 18 April 2006 | Staff

Posted on 04/19/2006 3:57:51 AM PDT by PatrickHenry

A new article in PLoS Biology (April 18, 2006) discusses the state of scientific literacy in the United States, with especial attention to the survey research of Jon D. Miller, who directs the Center for Biomedical Communications at Northwestern University Medical School.

To measure public acceptance of the concept of evolution, Miller has been asking adults if "human beings, as we know them, developed from earlier species of animals" since 1985. He and his colleagues purposefully avoid using the now politically charged word "evolution" in order to determine whether people accept the basics of evolutionary theory. Over the past 20 years, the proportion of Americans who reject this concept has declined (from 48% to 39%), as has the proportion who accept it (45% to 40%). Confusion, on the other hand, has increased considerably, with those expressing uncertainty increasing from 7% in 1985 to 21% in 2005.
In international surveys, the article reports, "[n]o other country has so many people who are absolutely committed to rejecting the concept of evolution," quoting Miller as saying, "We are truly out on a limb by ourselves."

The "partisan takeover" of the title refers to the embrace of antievolutionism by what the article describes as "the right-wing fundamentalist faction of the Republican Party," noting, "In the 1990s, the state Republican platforms in Alaska, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Oregon, Missouri, and Texas all included demands for teaching creation science." NCSE is currently aware of eight state Republican parties that have antievolutionism embedded in their official platforms or policies: those of Alaska, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Texas. Four of them -- those of Alaska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Texas -- call for teaching forms of creationism in addition to evolution; the remaining three call only for referring the decision whether to teach such "alternatives" to local school districts.

A sidebar to the article, entitled "Evolution under Attack," discusses the role of NCSE and its executive director Eugenie C. Scott in defending the teaching of evolution. Scott explained the current spate of antievolution activity as due in part to the rise of state science standards: "for the first time in many states, school districts are faced with the prospect of needing to teach evolution. ... If you don't want evolution to be taught, you need to attack the standards." Commenting on the decision in Kitzmiller v. Dover [Kitzmiller et al. v Dover Area School District et al.], Scott told PLoS Biology, "Intelligent design may be dead as a legal strategy but that does not mean it is dead as a popular social movement," urging and educators to continue to resist to the onslaught of the antievolution movement. "It's got legs," she quipped. "It will evolve."


TOPICS: Heated Discussion
KEYWORDS: biology; creationuts; crevolist; evomania; religiousevos; science; scienceeducation; scientificliteracy
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To: MissAmericanPie
No where in our Constitution or laws is religion excluded from the public square and confined to a church building.

*BZTTT!!!* Not true (but thanks for playing). ID and Creationism may be taught in religion,. philosophy, theology, etc.

Opposing theories such as ID have just as valid a place in the classroom as science's also unproven theories. They don't have to be taught in the same classroom if it makes scientist's queezy. But is has a right to be taught also.

ID is not an "opposing theory" -- it is a disguised Creation Myth, which only "opposes" other Creation Myths. As the article points out, the only "queasiness" scientists feel is seeing mythology taught as "science." It is the "queasiness" one feels when seeing someone teach children that "airplanes being held aloft by angels" is a valid "opposing theory" to physics.

221 posted on 04/19/2006 11:28:22 AM PDT by freedumb2003 (Don't call them "Illegal Aliens." Call them what they are: CRIMINAL INVADERS!)
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To: js1138
I'm just starting to use the google toolbar spell checker.

No way could any one get me to load that hassle-ware on my machine :)

222 posted on 04/19/2006 11:29:56 AM PDT by freedumb2003 (Don't call them "Illegal Aliens." Call them what they are: CRIMINAL INVADERS!)
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To: Old_Mil
" Certainly there is. It is called a "scientific law", and is defined as "a statement describing an observed regularity."

Theories do not become laws. Laws describe a very limited set of observations and describe the regularity. Theories can incorporate many facts and laws. For example, Newton's laws of motion. They are a part of Newton's broader theory of universal gravity.

" It is only when a statement of science reaches such a level that it represents scientific fact."

Now you have confused another concept in science. Facts are data points. Laws explain a small set of data points. Theories have a much broader area of explanatory power. NONE OF THEM is ever proved. They describe DIFFERENT things.

Facts can be overturned, as can theories, and so can laws. Newton's *laws* are only reasonably correct at certain speeds and certain masses.
223 posted on 04/19/2006 11:31:45 AM PDT by CarolinaGuitarman ("There is grandeur in this view of life....")
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To: Old_Mil
It is only when a statement of science reaches such a level that it represents scientific fact.

Hundreds of years ago maybe. Heard of the "scientific law" of gravity (now a theory)? Even the "laws" of thermodynamics are under challenge and in fact are now theories.

224 posted on 04/19/2006 11:31:54 AM PDT by freedumb2003 (Don't call them "Illegal Aliens." Call them what they are: CRIMINAL INVADERS!)
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To: SirJohnBarleycorn
Miller has an extremely condescending opinion toward Americans if he thinks they are too stupid to understand he is talking about "evolution" when he asks if humans "developed from earlier species of animals"

Given that there are a number of individuals -- even here -- who seem to believe that evolution involves the origin of the first life forms, the formation of solar systems and planets and even the Big Bang itself, I would say that his phrasing it appropriately cautious.
225 posted on 04/19/2006 11:32:48 AM PDT by Dimensio (http://angryflower.com/bobsqu.gif <-- required reading before you use your next apostrophe!)
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To: colorado tanker
re: I'm really getting tired of these articles. Evolution was a minor unit in my high school biology class.)))

It's a minor subject in science, as well. Evolution is useful as a paradigm and a classificaion mechanism--but it's just a hatrack to keep track of genus and species. Physicians, most scientists, engineers--have no interest or use for it after that.

What I do suspect is that it is a political tool to try to chip off a few conservative Christian votes from the GOP. There is even a Soros-funded movie "documentarian" who is going to try to make some hay out of it. Wonder if he's here on FR doing some drumming-up of support? Not that there are any but the usual suspects and sufferers of Asberger's syndrome, but in places like Pennsylvania and candidates like Santorum (and a few of these regulars have shown an interest in going after Santorum)--it'd go a long way to throwing the Senate to the Democrats.

226 posted on 04/19/2006 11:33:42 AM PDT by Mamzelle (scoff)
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Paranoid Creo Placemarker.
227 posted on 04/19/2006 11:34:38 AM PDT by CarolinaGuitarman ("There is grandeur in this view of life....")
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To: freedumb2003

Try it on someone else's machine. I have the advanced features turned off, and in over a year of using it on a number of machines I have nothing but good things to say about it.


228 posted on 04/19/2006 11:34:48 AM PDT by js1138 (~()):~)>)
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To: colorado tanker
It seems to me the left and the education lobby are trying to pin the abysmal state of science education in the U.S. on the crevos, when in actuality the evo/crevo debate is a very, very small part of that picture.

Scapegoating.

Shifting the focus to something as inconsequential as creationisism not only serves the purpose of justifying public ridicule of people of faith, but it also allows the obfiscation of the true curriculum deficits within public schools and even some private educational institutions, today.

Lousy, agenda-driven textbooks that focus on environmentalism and speciation at the expense of the scientific method and studies of basic chemistry and physics is just one example.

229 posted on 04/19/2006 11:36:32 AM PDT by TaxRelief (Wal-Mart: Keeping my family on-budget since 1993.)
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To: Mamzelle

Good point.


230 posted on 04/19/2006 11:38:36 AM PDT by colorado tanker
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To: TaxRelief
re: Actually, the term "evomaniacs" refers not to true scientists, but rather to the self-educated, cult-like followers of "evomania".)))

Hey, that's pretty good--evo-freaks with evomania. How to diagnose? Just read back in posting history and look at these poor sad sacks, who go through elections, through wars, through political turmoil---and never comment on anything but evolution here on FR!

Maybe there should be an entry on Wikipedia for evomania, on their Asberger's Syndrome info page.

231 posted on 04/19/2006 11:39:14 AM PDT by Mamzelle
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To: Physicist; Humble Servant
Never? Really? I suspect that Humble Servant is acknowledging that he does not actually read these discussions. It is curious, then, that he claims to "know" what happens in them, especially since he is quite clearly wrong in his assessment.
232 posted on 04/19/2006 11:39:43 AM PDT by Dimensio (http://angryflower.com/bobsqu.gif <-- required reading before you use your next apostrophe!)
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To: js1138

Some of us actually have to accomplish stuff during the day, and these threads tend to grow like triplet repeats. Regarding your mountain-out-of-a-molehill accusation about the hopeful monster theory vs. PE, I see that a bit of explanation is going to be necessary.

First, ask yourself why *either* of these theories came into existence. The answer should be quite obvious. When Darwin first proposed the theory of evolution, his mechanism for evolution was a gradualistic progression driven by natural selection. When Origin of the Species was first published, relatively little was known about the geologic record, and very little was known about genetics.

Now fast forward to the early 1900s. More is known about the fossil record, and still very little is known about genetics. Howeve, the fossil record poses a problem to evolutionists in that instead of providing a record of gradual progression of life, it is more consistent with the fossils that would by left by a "hopeful monster" hypothesis. In particular, transitional forms are absent - as they continue to be to this day.

By the late 1900s, far more is known about genetics - specifically genetic mutations - than was known when saltation was proposed and it is now clear that genetically, saltation is an untenable process...hence the rise of PE.

Both theories are attempts to explain evolution by "alternate routes" and deal with the inability of the fossil record to back up what Darwin had originally proposed.


233 posted on 04/19/2006 11:40:56 AM PDT by Old_Mil (http://www.constitutionparty.org - Forging a Rebirth of Freedom.)
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To: TaxRelief

Perhaps if you had an argument, rather than an ad-hominem, to support your claims, they would carry more credibility. And by "more credibility", I mean "any creadibility whatsoever".


234 posted on 04/19/2006 11:41:02 AM PDT by Dimensio (http://angryflower.com/bobsqu.gif <-- required reading before you use your next apostrophe!)
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To: CarolinaGuitarman

Placemarker, shmacemarker--Gee, picker, this week I learned two new songs and have almost mastered a new chord while you've been stuck on the same old note.


235 posted on 04/19/2006 11:41:19 AM PDT by Mamzelle
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To: Old_Mil
Certainly there is. It is called a "scientific law", and is defined as "a statement describing an observed regularity." It is only when a statement of science reaches such a level that it represents scientific fact.

You just can't help stepping in one pile after another.

Explain how Newton's Laws got replaced by Einstein's theory.

You also need to explain how observational facts are, in the long run, less reliable than theories.

Newton, in later printings of his works, "adjusted" his early observational data to conform to theoretical values.

This, of course, is now considered unethical, but in the practice of science, facts are corrected more often than theories.

236 posted on 04/19/2006 11:41:42 AM PDT by js1138 (~()):~)>)
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To: Mamzelle
What I do suspect is that it [evolution] is a political tool to try to chip off a few conservative Christian votes from the GOP.

The only ones using a "political tool" are the CRIDers. Scientists want to practice/teach science. ID is not science, but certain people want to "sledge" their religion into science.

How about this: instead of trying to scare rational people away from accepted science ("Drop evolution or else the dems win!!!"), why not try and scare the fundies away from science revisionism? Otherwise, the dems will win!

237 posted on 04/19/2006 11:42:45 AM PDT by LibertarianSchmoe
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To: js1138
Explain how Newton's Laws got replaced by Einstein's theory.

Newton's laws haven't been replaced by Einstein's Theory of Relativity - they are subsets of the same that hold true for a given reference frame. Incidentally, we're getting pretty close to the point where we can declare Einstein's "theory" a "law" don't you think?
238 posted on 04/19/2006 11:44:59 AM PDT by Old_Mil (http://www.constitutionparty.org - Forging a Rebirth of Freedom.)
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To: MissAmericanPie
There is at least at much for ID as Evolution,

Please provide references to evidence for ID.

neither can be proved is my point so why should science take a position

Nothing in science is "proved". This, however, does not mean that science cannot take a position based upon claims that are well supported by evidence.

when the arguments are flying inside the scientific community on the meaing of the evidence?

There is no argument within the scientific community. The debate is entirely non-scientific.
239 posted on 04/19/2006 11:45:10 AM PDT by Dimensio (http://angryflower.com/bobsqu.gif <-- required reading before you use your next apostrophe!)
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To: Diamond
Ridicule and dismisal will not be persuasive in lieu of a demonstration of full and complete human knowledge of the history of a subject organism and all relevant mechanisms of mutation and probabilities of same. Absent such a demonstration, said assumptions are a necessary part of Darwinian theory, but assumptions nonetheless.

'How do you know. You weren't there' is a stock and much derided creationist response. How do you know George Washington was the first president?

If you want to avoid derision, stop posting risible arguments.

We don't in general require a full and complete knowledge of the history of a phenomenon in order to regard it as adequately explained. Requiring such for evolution is just a sign of tendentiousness.

Once again, the function of L-GLO is not an assumption. L-GLO is defined by its function.

240 posted on 04/19/2006 11:45:45 AM PDT by Right Wing Professor
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