Posted on 11/10/2001 9:08:09 PM PST by Cultural Jihad
50,000 BCE-20,000 BCE Archaeologists have identified evidence of stone age technology in Aq Kupruk, and Hazar Sum. Plant remains at the foothill of the Hindu Kush mountains indicate, that North Afghanistan was one of the earliest places to domestic plants and animals. 3000 BCE-2000 BCE
2000 BCE- 1500 BCE
600 BCE -- (There is some speculation about this date) Zoroaster introduces a new religion in Bactria (Balkh)---(Zoroastrianism--Monotheistic religion) (about 522 BC)--Zoroaster dies during nomadic invasion near Balkh. 522 BCE--486 BCE
329-326 BCE
323 BCE Greeks rule Bactria (Northern Afghanistan) 170 BCE-160 BCE Bactrian--Parthian 50 AD
220 AD Kushan empire fragments into petty dynasties. 400 AD Invasion of the White Huns. They destroy the Buddhist culture, and leave most of the country in ruins. 425--550 Independent Yaftalee rule in Afghanistan. 550 AD
652 AD Arabs introduce Islam |
652 AD Arabs introduce Islam 962-1030
1030--
1140-- Ghorid leaders from central Afghanistan capture and burn Ghazni, then move on to conquer India. 1219-1221 --
1273 Marco Polo crossed Afghan Turkistan 1332-1370 Descendants of earlier Ghorid rulers reassert control over Afghanistan. 1370-1404
1451-- An Afghan named Buhlul invades Delhi, and seizes the throne. He finds the Lodi dynasty. 1504-1519 Babur, founder of the Moghul dynasty takes control of Kabul 1520-1579 Bayazid Roshan (Afghan intellectual) revolts against the power of the Moghul government. Roshan was killed in a battle with the Moghuls in 1579--but his struggle for independence continued. 1613-1689 Khushhal Khan Khattak (Afghan warrior-poet) initiates a national uprising against the foreign Moghul government. 1708 Mir Wais (forerunner of Afghan independence) makes Kandahar independent of Safavid Persia that had ruled it since 1622. 1715-- Mir Wais dies peacefully, and lies in a mausoleum outside of Kandahar. 1722-- Mir Wais' son, Mir Mahmud, invades Persia and occupies Isfahan. At the same time, the Durranis revolt, and terminate the Persian occupation of Herat. 1725--
1736-- Nadir Shah (head of Persia) occupies southwest Afghanistan, and southeast Persia. 1738-- Nadir Shah takes Kandahar. 1747-- Nadir Shah is assassinated, and the Afghans rise once again. Afghans, under the leadership of Ahmad Shah Abdali retake Kandahar, and establish modern Afghanistan. |
1747--1773
1773-1793
1793-1801
1801-1803
1803-1809
1809-1818
1819-1826
1826-- Dost Mohammad Khan takes Kabul, and establishes control. 1832--1833 Persia moves into Khurasan (province), and threatens Herat. Afghans defend Herat successfully. 1834-- (May)--Afghans lose Peshawar to the Sikhs; later they crushed the Sikhs under the leadership of Akbar Khan who defeated the Sikhs near Jamrud, and killed the great Sikh general Hari Singh. However, they failed to retake Peshawar due to disunity and bad judgment on the part of Dost Mohammad Khan. 1836-- Dost Mohammad Khan is proclaimed as Amir al-mu' minin (commander of the faithful). He was well on the road toward reunifying the whole of Afghanistan when the British, in collaboration with an ex-king (Shah Shuja), invade Afghanistan. 1839-1842
1843 After the annihilation of British troops, Afghanistan once again becomes independent, and the exiled Amir, Dost Mohammad Khan comes back and occupies the royal throne (1843-1863). 1845-- Afghan hero, Akbar Khan dies 1855 Dost Mohammad Khan signs a peace treaty with India. 1859-- British take Baluchistan, and Afghanistan becomes completely landlocked. 1863-1866
1866-1867
1867-1868--
1873
1878
1879
1880
1885--
1893 The Durand line fixes borders of Afghanistan with British India, splitting Afghan tribal areas, leaving half of these Afghans in what is now Pakistan. 1895 Afghanistan's northern border is fixed and guaranteed by Russia 1901--
1907-- Russia and Great Britain sign the convention of St. Petersburg, in which Afghanistan is declared outside Russia's sphere of influence. 1918-- Mahmud Tarzi (Afghan Intellectual) introduces modern Journalism into Afghanistan with the creation of several newspapers. 1919--
1921--
1923-- Amanullah Khan changes his title from Amir to Padshah (King). 1929--
1930--
1933--
1934-- The United States of America formally recognizes Afghanistan 1938-- Da Afghanistan Bank (State Bank of Afghanistan) is incorporated. 1939-- Minor pro-Amanullah Khan uprising (January 15) 1940-- Zahir Shah proclaims Afghanistan as neutral during WW2 1947-- Britain withdraws from India. Pakistan is carved out of Indian and Afghan lands. 1949--
1953-- Prince Mohammad Daoud becomes Prime Minister. 1954-- The U.S. rejects Afghanistan's request to buy military equipment to modernize the army. 1955--
1956--
1959--
1961-- Pakistan and Afghanistan come close to war over Pashtunistan. 1963-1964-- Zahir Shah demands Daoud's resignation. Dr. Mohammad Yusof becomes Prime Minister. 1965--
1969--
1972-- Mohammad Moussa becomes Prime Minister. 1973--
1974-- UNESCO names Herat as one of the first cities to be designated as a part of the worlds cultural heritage. 1975--1977--
1978--
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1978--
1979--
1980-- Dr. Najibullah is brought back from USSR to run the secret police. 1984-- UN sends investigators to Afghanistan to examine reported human rights violations. 1986-- Babrak Karmal is replaced by Dr. Najibullah. 1987--
1988--1989--
1992--
1994--
1995--
1996--
1997--
1998--
1999--
2000--
2001--
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AQ/1997
Last updated 4/2001
So, Pakistan, the majority Islamic remnant of the British raj carved from the Moghul empire, which almost fought a war with Afghanistan over the Pashtun region, backed the Taliban in order to redirect any residual irredentist Pashtun sentiment. It's obvious that they had excellent motive to ensure that Haq was killed.
It looks like the Loya Jirga will need to establish some sort of a cantonal federalist government, ala Switzerland, to bring this country some peace. Otherwise, Afghanistan will be partitioned between Pakistan and the Former Soviet Republics along ethnic lines.
Inshallah.
If these folks would stop fighting for awhile, they have so much to offer the world. I cringe every time I think about the destruction of the museums by the Taliban. It's like they deliberately attempted to snuff out all beauty in the country and all sense of past.
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Note: this topic is from 2001. |
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Note: this topic is dated 11/10/2001. |
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