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Sir Dermot Turing, renowned historian and nephew of Alan Turing, delivered a lecture based on his book "X Y & Z: The Real Story of How Enigma Was Broken" on 29 March, 2023, in Trinity College Dublin.Drawing on recently declassified archives Sir Dermot Turing told in full the real story how Enigma was broken. He fully acknowledged the groundbreaking work of Polish mathematicians produced as early as 1930s which subsequently led to the joint efforts of the French, British and Polish secret services (X, Y and Z) during the Second World War.Who really broke Enigma? - lecture by Sir Dermot...

...Using population genomic modeling methods, the researchers determined that C. arabica evolved as a result of natural hybridization between two other species of coffee: C. eugenioides and C. canephora. The hybridization resulted in a polyploid genome, meaning each offspring contains two sets of chromosomes from each parent. This may have given C. arabica a survival advantage that enabled it to thrive and adapt...The researchers acknowledge that there is a margin of error. Earlier estimates of the time of hybridization date it as recently as 10,000 years ago."We had to input an estimated mutation rate, and a generation time (seed to...

...In addition to the amphorae, archaeologists found ropes, shoes, a wooden drill and organic "dunnage" or matting, made from vine shoots and grass, that was used to protect the ship's hull from the cargo, Cau said...Many of the amphorae contained the remnants of fish sauce, while others held oil from plants — likely olives, wine, and perhaps olives preserved in vinegar. The distinctive amphorae for different products were labeled with painted inscriptions known as "tituli picti" in Latin, he said...Previous studies found that many of the oil amphorae had seals stamped with a "Chrismon," or Christian monogram — similar to...

The ruins of a Roman villa near Mount Vesuvius, discovered under the remnants of another villa built above it many years later, may have been where Augustus, the first Roman emperor, drew his last breath, archaeologists say.The earlier villa, which excavations suggest was inhabited before the first century A.D., seems to have been destroyed in the devastating eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79, and the later villa was built there in the second century...She noted that the site corresponds with writings by the Roman historians Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio, who recorded that Augustus died in A.D. 14 at...

VIDEO AT LINK................... May 3 (UPI) -- Officials warned of traffic delays on a Wisconsin highway when an overturned truck spilled beer into the roadway. Menomonee Falls police shared photos on social media showing the semi truck on its side in the northbound lanes of Interstate 41 on Thursday with cases of Miller High Life beer spilling out from its rear. Two lanes of traffic were closed for the clean-up operation and police warned drivers to seek alternate routes or expect delays. The scene was cleared and all lanes of traffic were reported later in the afternoon. The cause of...

Over the years, we've seen a number of suggested replacements for gasoline to fuel motorcycles – including steam, hydrogen, water and batteries. Now a moto maker is getting ready to launch what's billed as the world's first CNG motorcycle. CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas, which as its name suggests is "produced by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure." It can be used as a fuel source for internal combustion engines, where a cylindrical tank feeds the gas through fuel lines via a pressure regulator before reaching the combustion chamber to be...

A transgender biological male is playing Snow White’s Evil Queen at Walt Disney World Resort’s Wilderness Lodge in Florida. One family who went and filmed the character said they had paid $300 for a meet-and-greet photo opportunity after their themed dinner at Story Book Dining at Artist Point — only to be greeted by what the father referred to as a drag queen. The father spoke to the Disney news site That Park Place, which broke the news that a man is playing a female character. The upset parent explained, “While we were waiting for the desserts to come out...

My son and I are going to Los Angeles tomorrow night. We have tickets to the Petersen Auto Museum on Saturday. We have General Admission, the Vault, and the special Shop Tour. We are really looking forward to visiting one of America's best car museums. Sat night we are going to the Dodgers / Braves game. For Sunday we are thinking of Griffith Observatory and maybe the Olvera Market across from Union Station. We come home Monday night and have nothing planned for Monday. What do all you SoCal FRiends recommend for Sunday PM and Monday? We are staying in...

DETROIT (FOX 2) - A semi-truck hauling gravel crashed into an I-94 overpass and caused a massive backup Wednesday afternoon, westbound after Van Dyke in Detroit. The truck slammed into the overpass, which is at 6450 Frontenac Ave. On a witness video taken from dashcam, it appeared the back hauler of the truck was tilted up, causing the collision. The truck trailer was aluminum and the bridge is steel. Upon inspection, MDOT saw no visible damage to the bridge, according to Diane Cross, an MDOT spokesperson. Traffic is open over and under the bridge. "Steel will always win that fight,"...

(NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford (STScI)) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Scientists using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have successfully mapped the weather on a planet 280 light years away. Earlier detections made by older space telescopes had hinted at the presence of an atmosphere on WASP-43b, however, the instruments aboard the JWST are the first to measure the actual weather in the planet’s atmosphere. “With Hubble, we could clearly see that there is water vapor on the dayside. Both Hubble and Spitzer suggested there might be clouds on the nightside,” explained Taylor Bell, a researcher from the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute...

It looks like a Lotus in the middle of unscheduled brain surgery, but the Engler V12 is somehow far more absurd. It's the world's fastest quad bike – a 1,200-horsepower pile of evil, rolling malarkey that no sane person should ride in anger. We were less than charitable when the 850-hp, V10 Engler Superquad was first introduced in 2019. When the 2023 version was introduced with an extra 250 hp, we seriously considered where it might rank among a murderer's row of the most terrifying vehicles ever built. Now there’s a new V12 model with an extra 100 hp and...

Money Mail can today reveal a timebomb looming in the second-hand market for electric vehicles (EVs). Our investigation found that many EVs could become almost impossible to resell because of their limited battery life. Experts said that the average EV battery guarantee lasts just eight years. After this time, the battery may lose power more quickly and so reduce mileage between charges. Many EVs will lose up to 12 per cent of their charge capacity by six years. Some may lose even more. Yet the cost of replacing an EV battery is astonishingly high, our research found. In some cases,...

An active volcano in Antarctica is shooting $6,000 in gold dust into the air every single day, NASA’s Earth Observatory revealed last week. The volcano on Mount Erebus spits pockets of gas containing 80 grams of crystallized gold daily, it said. Mount Erebus, is arguably Antarctica’s most famous volcano. It holds the titles of the tallest active volcano on the continent, with its summit reaching 12,448 feet (3,794 meters), and the southernmost active volcano on Earth. Named after the personification of darkness in Greek mythology, Mount Erebus was erupting when Captain Sir James Clark Ross first discovered it in 1841....

In 1957, the astrophysicist Herman Bondi wrote a paper in which he considered the possible existence of a negative mass in Albert Einstein’s theory of gravity. A negative mass would repel a positive mass away from it. Given that, a pair of positive and negative masses could accelerate together up to the speed of light. The negative mass would push away the positive mass which in turn would pull the negative mass for the ride. The runaway pair would accelerate indefinitely, without any need for fuel or a propulsion system. Energy conservation would not be violated because the sum of...

The 2024 tourist season has just begun in Yellowstone, and there are already plenty of incidents of people getting too close to wildlife, like in this recent file photo. On Monday, Yellowstone National Park annoucned the arrest of a man who not only allegedly harassed a herd of bison, he kicked one in the leg. (Reader photo: Ralee Plunkett) An Idaho man is accused of kicking a bison while drunk, becoming Yellowstone National Park’s first bison attack victim of the season, the park announced Monday. The incident took stupid human tricks to an entirely new level, the curator of the...

On the road to delivering 100 miles of EV range in five minutes by the end of 2024, tech firm StoreDot has installed its extreme fast charging cells in a Polestar 5 prototype, and zapped the 77-kWh pack to 80% capacity in 10 minutes. For many car drivers, the journey from home to work or the mall or school is a fairly short one, well within the per-charge battery range of modern electric family cars anyway. But those needing to make longer daily trips are going to be plugged in more often. DC fast-charging is already available for quick top-ups,...

A small-scale jet engine compact enough to fit on a tabletop is helping to make the future of aviation more sustainable, according to NASA engineers currently involved in tests that could help pave the way toward new aircraft propulsion systems of the coming decades. The DGEN380 Aero-Propulsion Research Turbofan (DART) is less than 4.5 feet in length, making it half the size of engines on moderately sized aircraft, and NASA engineers are now using the miniature engine to help to reduce costs associated with using a full-sized jet engine for research and testing purposes. Currently, experiments with the small jet...

Discovered in a mysterious land, rapamycin can slow the growth of everything from wrinkles to cancer. Scientists are still uncovering the secrets of a compound discovered 50 years ago on Easter Island. Produced by bacteria there, rapamycin appears to be a powerful life-extender and may be a transformative treatment for age-related diseases. In 2009, the National Institute on Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP) published a groundbreaking study indicating that rapamycin extended the lifespan of mice by 9 percent to 14 percent. Experiments conducted by various research institutions worldwide have further corroborated these findings or have found the compound to have...

NATIONAL SHRIMP SCAMPI DAY National Shrimp Scampi Day on April 29th gives us a tasty way to celebrate. On this day, we honor the delicious dish of shrimp cooked with butter, garlic, lemon juice, and white wine. #NationalShrimpScampiDay Scampi is a culinary term for small lobster known as Nephrops (also known as langoustine or Dublin Bay Prawns) and which is completely unrelated to this day. The day is wholly dedicated to the buttery, garlicky, lemony, and wine-sauced preparation of shrimp. Prepare the dish using fresh or frozen shrimp. When serving the dish, add a side of noodle or rice, steamed...

Emergency slide falls off Boeing plane, forcing LA-bound Delta flight to return to JFK An emergency slide fell off a Delta plane while it was in the air Friday morning — forcing the Los Angeles-bound flight to return to JFK Airport, sources told The Post. The freak accident set off an emergency alarm around 8:30 a.m. aboard Flight 520, which had departed the Queens airport an hour earlier, sources said. What do you think? Post a comment. The crew — who had reported a vibration, according to the FAA — had no choice but to return to JFK, on runway...