Posted on 10/20/2004 8:02:29 PM PDT by RightWingAtheist
Earth's spin warps space around the planet, according to a new study that confirms a key prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity.
After 11 years of watching the movements of two Earth-orbiting satellites, researchers found each is dragged by about 6 feet (2 meters) every year because the very fabric of space is twisted by our whirling world.
The results, announced today, are much more precise than preliminary findings published by the same group in the late 1990s.
Frame dragging
The effect is called frame dragging. It is a modification to the simpler aspects of gravity set out by Newton. Working from Einstein's relativity theory, Austrian physicists Joseph Lense and Hans Thirring predicted frame dragging in 1918. (It is also known as the Lense-Thirring effect.)
Here's how it works:
Any object with mass warps the space-time around it, in much the same way as a heavy object deforms a stretched elastic sheet, explained study leader Ignazio Ciufolini of the Università di Lecce in Italy.
If the object spins, another distortion is introduced, "in the same way as the elastic sheet would be twisted by a spinning heavy wheel on it."
If the space around Earth is being frame-dragged, then satellites ought to be caught up in the deformation, scientists reasoned. Imagine how a second object on the elastic sheet would be moved by the scrunching motion created as the sheet is deformed.
Ciufolini's team analyzed millions of laser signals bounced off two satellites, called LAGEOS and LAGEOS 2. Both are highly reflective spheres not designed to do any work of their own. They look like 2-foot-diameter (0.6m) golf balls and contain no batteries or electronics.
The researchers say their result is 99 percent of the predicted drag, with an error of up to 10 percent. The details will be reported in the Oct. 21 issue of the journal Nature.
The analysis is "the first reasonably accurate measurement of frame-dragging," said physicist Neil Ashby of the University of Colorado in Boulder.
"Precise measurement of these effects predicted by relativistic gravity theories is crucial, as they have important implications for our view of the cosmos," Ashby writes in an analysis of the study for the journal.
Black hole applications
Specifically, the new results can be applied to black hole theory. In fact, it is with black holes -- typically much more massive than Earth -- that some of the first signs of frame dragging were spotted.
In observations of activity around black hole in 1997, researchers noted that gas spiraling into the black hole wobbled, or precessed, like a top. The precession was much greater than what could be described by basic mechanics of the setup.
And as early as 1996, Ciufolini's team saw signs of frame dragging on the Earth-orbiting satellites in their study, but the initial results had a high degree of error owing to the lack of knowledge about Earth's gravity field, which is not symmetric. A gravity map generated by NASA (news - web sites)'s new GRACE satellite made the latest analysis possible, he said.
Meanwhile, other studies have shown that black holes indeed spin, and that frame dragging plays an important role in spewing tremendous jets of material out of the environments around black holes. The whole setup can be likened to a giant gyroscope, Ciufolini told SPACE.com. A jet can point in one direction for millions of years, other observations show.
"In other words," Ciufolini said, "an astrophysical gun was shooting for millions of years without changing direction: a fantastic gyroscope indeed."
Can't wait till we hear the results from Gravity Probe B!
> Can't wait till we hear the results from Gravity Probe B!
http://einstein.stanford.edu/
It will be some time, but they are gathering high
quality data.
Analogously, extreme media spin has been shown to warp people's perception of reality...
we have our own "Warped Space" in the USA already in the form of John F'n Kerry & John 'Ambulance Chaser' Edwards.
This all procedes from the work of Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a teacher of Albert. Mach posited that inertial and gravitational properties of matter are linked to the existence of the rest of the matter in the universe.
It's George Bush's fault.
Yeah, I pretty much came up with the same thing. I just couldn't think of any practical application where it would make me rich.
Unleash the power-nerd ping list!
While current thinking retains much of the flavor of Mach, the details are different. Mach maintained that the water in a bucket spinning in an otherwise empty universe would not experience centrifugal "force" effects, that is the water would not press outward against the bucket. Current thinking is that it would, due perhaps to the residual Higgs field left over from the inflationary phase which followed the big bang. See "The Elegant Universe" and especially "The Fabric of the Cosmos" by Brian Greene
BTTT
"...they'll figure out a way to bend and warp space, and step across thousands of light years distance..."
It's being worked on. Look up "Alcubierre" on Google, Yahoo, etc. and you'd be surpirsed what you might find.
*BINGO*! . . . (I think, er, uh, I'm kinda sure). Mach is the guy who made his name with all those air speeds e.g. "Mach 1." Just read a great biography of Einstein. Truly an amazing giant of our times.
And ahh yes, Newton's bucket is an interesting thought experiment.
Oh no, The terrible secret of space has been discovered, better alert the space robots.
I'll give you odds my $9 to your $1 a genetic scientist will make pigs fly before we time travel.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.