Posted on 01/01/2022 3:08:13 PM PST by Kevmo
Alexandrov - Cold nuclear fusion reaction in interaction of deuterium gas with molybdenum
Dimiter Alexandrov, Robert Dubreuil Lakehead University, Canada Email: dimiter.alexandrov@lakeheadu.ca
Experiments about interaction of deuterium gas with molybdenum specimen giving cold nuclear fusion reaction outcomes have been performed. The results are presented in this paper. The experiments were performed in vacuum chamber in order for precise measurements to be achieved.
Also due to the relatively low concentrations of the interacting gas, the amounts of the generated cold nuclear fusion products and of the generated energy (heat) were relatively low. D2 gas in an environment of H/H2 gas in the chamber was directed to a specimen of molybdenum placed on sample holder.
Generations of 3He, of 4He and of T (tritium) was observed in all experiments as it was supported by the following facts:
i) Mass analysis shows relatively high amount of 3He;
ii) Mass analysis shows relatively high amount of 4He/D2 and relatively significant amount of 4HeH that confirms relatively high amount of 4He; and
iii) Mass analysis shows relatively high amount of T2H + ion that indicates synthesis of T.
Based on the experiments it was concluded that the following cold nuclear fusion reactions have taken place:
D + D → 3He + nuclear products* + energy (1)
D + D → T + nuclear products** + energy (2)
D + D → 4He + energy (3)
It must be noted that the nuclear products* in (1) are different than the nuclear products**in (2). Normally, it could be expected that the nuclear products* contain neutrons and nuclear products** contain protons.
However, the Authors consider that additional research must be performed in order for a right conclusion to be done.
The temperature of the molybdenum specimen was initially established to be 7000 C by an electrical heater and the temperature was measured during the experiments. It was found that the temperature increases with ~200 C as result of interaction of the deuterium gas with the specimen.
The released average power on the surface of the specimen was 9.31W. The released energy was due to interaction of deuterium gas with the molybdenum specimen as interaction of nitrogen gas with the specimen in the same experimental circumstances didn’t cause an energy release.
The external radiation (including gamma rays and neutrons) was measured in all experiments and no increase of the radiation above the normal background was found. Absence of increase of the radiation is due to either: a) The low amounts of gases used in all experiments give a radiation, which is very small and cannot be detected by the used devices; or b) There is no external radiation at all due to the low kinetic energies of the interacting D nuclei in solids and due to the fact that the released neutrons could be ultra-cold and they may not leave the molybdenum specimen or the chamber.
However, the Authors consider that additional experiments must be carried out regarding the neutron release.
The experimental results provided above are explained with a previously developed quantum mechanical theory based on interaction of D nuclei with heavy electrons that are localized in solids. The theoretical outcomes are consistent with the above experimental results.
The theory is valid for all solids, however it determines that the above nuclear fusion reactions can take place only in solids having certain properties as the molybdenum is a solid satisfying these requirements and the released helium and released tritium are having higher concentrations.
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Further discussion:
Low-energy nuclear fusion reactions in solids: Experiments
Dimiter Alexandrov First published: 30 December 2020
https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6356
Summary Replicable experimental results about low-energy nuclear fusion reactions based on initially reacting deuterium nuclei giving cold nuclear fusion synthesis of helium (both isotopes 3He and 4He) and energy release as final products are reported in this article. These final products are results of interaction of deuterium with the solids in experimental system including two specimens: molybdenum metal and palladium nanowires.
Experimental proofs about cold nuclear fusion synthesis of both 3He and 4He are provided. Also reported is a correlation between concentration of the generated helium and the measured temperature of the sample holder.
It is found that the concentrations of both 3He and 4He increase with increase of the kinetic energies of the interacting deuterium nuclei and also with increase of the temperature of the sample holder.
The Cold Fusion/LENR Ping List
http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/coldfusion/index?tab=articles
Keywords: ColdFusion; LENR; lanr; CMNS
chat—science
—
Vortex-L
http://tinyurl.com/pxtqx3y
Acronyms:
LENR: Low Energy Nuclear Reactions. [Also Lattice Enabled Nuclear Reactions, but seldom used]
CANR: Chemical Assisted Nuclear Reactions [fallen into disuse along with LANR/Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions]
CMNS: Condensed Matter Nuclear Science
LCF: Lattice Confined Fusion [NASA’s term for it]
Best book to get started on this subject:
EXCESS HEAT
Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed by Charles Beaudette
https://www.abebooks.com/9780967854809/Excess-Heat-Why-Cold-Fusion-0967854806/plp
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https://freerepublic.com/focus/chat/3977426/posts?page=19#19
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This topic has a following, people who wish to learn and discuss the materials presented.
Please refrain from posting anything that doesn’t legitimately address the issue.
Something is going on in this segment of science. There are a considerable number of research groups studying the matter.
19 posted on 7/19/2021, 6:45:09 PM by Sidebar Moderator
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I have heard that amongst the people who actually mine the ore, the name is “Molly-be-damned” rather than the tongue-twisting actual name of Molybdenum (42)! Never found pure and its ores are easily confused with elemental Lead (82) but since its identification and refinement, Molybdenum is a prime alloy with steel for hardness and armor-plating.
Thanks Kevmo.
Extra credit if you can pronounce “molybdenum.”
Interesting.
Controlled nuclear fusion will be the solution for all of our energy needs!
There’s a joke in there somewhere about Molybdenum Jeans.
I will reserve judgment on this report. There are simply far too many such proclamations dating back decades that turned out to be false and unrepeatable.
The Pons-Fleischmann Anomalous Heat Effect [PFAHE] has been replicated more than 150 times. The first hundred or so were by the Who’s Who of Electrochemistry.
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/3963819/posts
It’s funny that the Veritasium guy uses “42” as his “element of truth”.
https://trademarks.justia.com/868/20/veritasium-an-element-of-truth-i-42-86820449.html
She used to carry deuterium in a gunny sack…
Molly B Goode
Deep down in Louisiana close to New Orleans
Way back up in the woods among the evergreens
There stood a log cabin made of earth and wood
Where lived a country girl named Molly B. Goode
Who never ever learned to read or write so well
But she could generate heat just like a-ringin’ a bell
Go go
Go Molly go go
Go Molly go go
Go Molly go go
Go Molly go go
Molly B. Goode
She used to carry Deuterium in a gunny sack
Go sit beneath the tree by the railroad track
Oh, the engineers would see her sitting in the shade
Heating with the rhythm that the drivers made
The people passing by they would stop and say
“Oh my what that little country girl makes hay”
Go go
Go Molly go go
Go Molly go go
Go Molly go go
Go Molly go go
Molly B. Goode
Her mother told her “someday you’ll be a woman
And you will be the leader of an engineer band
Many people coming from miles around
To see you make your heatin’ when the sun go down
Maybe someday your name will be in lights
Saying “Molly B. Goode tonight”
Go go
Go Molly go
Go go go Molly go
Go go go Molly go
Go go go Molly go
Go
Molly B. Goode
WOW!!
Hats off to you!!!
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